1. Introduction to the Internet 3 Session Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.

2. Objectives At the end of this session, students will be able to:  Describe the different types of Internet connections  Explain Mozilla Firefox as a Web browser  Explain the methods to open and navigate Web pages in Firefox  Describe the methods to manage search engines in Firefox  Describe add-ons in Firefox  Explain the methods to configure Firefox options 2Introduction to the Internet / Session 3

3. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Internet is an interconnection of several computer networks spread across the world  Each computer in the Internet is an independent entity  Users of these computers seamlessly exchange data and information with each other through the Internet 3Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Introduction

4. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Dates back to late 1960s to a project of the US defense department for wartime digital communications  The system was upgraded to a network that could break communication messages into separate units, and route them along suitable paths  In April 1969, the U.S. Department of Defense in collaboration with the DARPA contracted BBN technologies to build this network, formally called as ARPANET  The initial ARPANET consisted of four small geographically separated computers called Interface Message Processors (IMPs) 4Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 History of the Internet[1-2]

5. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  The ARPANET evolved during 1970s with several innovations such as e-mail and protocols, such as TELNET and FTP  A global addressing system was required to enable the computers on a network to communicate with other computers in another network  This gave birth to the TCP/IP protocol suite 5Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 History of the Internet[2-2]

6. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Connections to the Internet are categorized into four main categories:  Wired  Makes use of a physical transmission medium to connect to the Internet.  Different types of wired Internet connections are as follows: – Dial-up: » Uses a telephone line to connect to the Internet – Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): » Uses a telephone line to connect to the Internet and functions like a dial-up connection – Broadband ISDN: » Uses a fiber-optic telephone line to connect to the Internet and is faster than ISDN – Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): » Uses a high speed DSL modem for analog to digital and digital to analog conversion – Cable: » Uses a cable TV line and a cable modem » Uses coaxial cables that have greater bandwidth than telephone cables 6Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Types of Internet Connections [1-3]

7. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Wireless  Makes use of radio frequency bands to connect to the Internet  Requires the device to be equipped with a Wi-Fi adapto r  Mobile  Is similar to a wireless connection  Uses radio frequencies to connect to the Internet  Uses a mobile device such as a PC data card or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) modem to connect to the Internet  Satellite  Allows a user to access the Internet using a geostationary satellite  Uses satellites to act as reflectors 7Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Types of Internet Connections [2-3]

8. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  A Web browser runs on a computer and helps to access and retrieve information from the Internet  Information available on the Internet is written in Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) code  The Web browser converts the HTML code into a format understandable by the user and presents the requested information  Information retrieved from the Internet is displayed in a Web page  A Web page on the Internet is identified by the address of the Web page, known as the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)  To access a particular Web page, users must enter the URL of the Web page 8Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Using a Web Browser [1-2]

9. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Some of the most common Web browsers are as follows:  Windows Internet Explorer  Mozilla Firefox  Google Chrome  Netscape Navigator  Apple Safari  Opera 9Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Using a Web Browser [2-2]

10. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Is an open-source and one of the most popular Web browsers  Was derived from the Mozilla Application Suite and is managed by Mozilla Corporation  Runs on various operating systems including Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux, and Mac OS X  Latest version available for download is 7.0.1 10Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Introducing Mozilla Firefox [1-2]

11. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited. Introducing Mozilla Firefox [2-2]  Most common features of Mozilla Firefox are:  Tabbed browsing: Viewing multiple Web pages in a single window  Incremental find: Presenting possible matches for a text typed by a user  Download manager: Dedicated download manager for downloading files from the Internet  Session manager: Regaining access to open tabs after closing the browser window  Spell Checking: Automatic marking of incorrectly spelled words  Private browsing: Browsing the Internet without leaving any traces in the Web browser history  Live bookmarking: Automatic availability of up-to-date information from the Internet 11Introduction to the Internet / Session 3

12. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To download and install Mozilla Firefox, perform the following steps: 12Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Downloading and Installing Mozilla Firefox [1-4] Mozilla Home Page  Click Start > All Programs > Internet Explorer  Type www.mozilla.com in the Address bar  Press Enter  Click Firefox Free Download

13. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Click Save 13Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Downloading and Installing Mozilla Firefox [2-4] Downloading Firefox

14. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Click Run 14Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Downloading and Installing Mozilla Firefox [3-4] Downloading Firefox

15. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Click Next and follow the onscreen instructions 15Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Downloading and Installing Mozilla Firefox [4-4] Installing Mozilla Firefox

16. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  After installation, Mozilla Firefox starts for the first time 16Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Mozilla Firefox Window Starting Mozilla Firefox [1-2]

17. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  The following are the elements in a Mozilla Firefox window 17Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Starting Mozilla Firefox [2-2] ItemsDescription Address BarDisplays the default URL or the address of the Web page Firefox Menu ButtonProvides access to various commands Search BoxProvides a search area to enter search keywords TabsDisplays various Web pages Home ButtonDisplays the start page of Mozilla Firefox Navigation ButtonsAllows the user to move to previous and next Web pages

18. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Browsing refers to the activity of searching information on the Internet  Two ways to browse are as follows:  Browsing by URL  Users can directly type the URL in the Address bar  Web browser will direct them to the required Website. For example, http://www.cam.ac.uk  Browsing by Keywords  Users can search the required Web page using suitable keywords  Search engine searches for Web pages on the Internet and displays a list of Web pages  Most popular search engine is Google 18Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Browsing the Internet [1-4]

19. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To access a Web page using a URL, perform the following steps:  Click Start > All Programs > Mozilla Firefox  Type http://www.bbc.com in the Address bar  Press Enter 19Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Browsing the Internet [2-4] Accessing a Web Page using a URL

20. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To access a Web page using a keyword, perform the following steps:  Open Mozilla Firefox  Type the required keywords in the Google search box. For example, BBC  Click Search 20Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Browsing the Internet [3-4] Accessing a Web Page by Searching through Keywords

21. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Use the Page Up and Page Down keys on the keyboard to navigate within a Web page  Use the horizontal scroll bar located at the bottom of the Mozilla Firefox window to move right or left  Use the vertical scroll bar located on the right side of the Mozilla Firefox window to move up or down  A link or hyperlink associates Web pages in a Website  A Web page can contain hyperlinks that allow users to view other pages within a Website 21Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Browsing the Internet [4-4] Hyperlinks in a Web Page

22. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Users may be required to view multiple pages simultaneously  When users click a hyperlink on a Web page, the linked page is displayed by replacing the page that contained the hyperlink  Users can open hyperlinks in a new tab  Tabs in Mozilla Firefox enable the users to view different Web pages simultaneously in the same window 22Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Opening a Page in New Tab [1-3]

23. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To open a page in a new tab, perform the following steps:  Open a Web page in Mozilla Firefox  Right-click the required hyperlink  Select Open Link in New Tab 23Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Opening a Page in New Tab [2-3] Opening a Web Page in a New Tab

24. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Mozilla Firefox opens the Web page in a new tab 24Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Opening a Page in New Tab [3-3] Newly Opened Web Page

25. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To open a Web page in a new window, perform the following steps:  Right-click the required hyperlink  Select Open Link in New Window 25Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Opening a Link in a New Window Opening a Page in New Window [1-2]

26. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited. 26Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Opening a Web Page in a New Window Opening a Page in New Window [2-2]

27. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  A search engine  Is a program that scans the Internet for Web pages containing keywords specified by the user  Returns a list of Web pages ranked in the order of relevancy  Users can select a search engine of their choice  The most popular search engines are as follows:  Google Search  Yahoo Search  Bing search  Ask.com Search  AOL Search 27Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Search Engines [1-7]

28. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To select a search engine, perform the following steps: 28Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Search Engines [2-7] Selecting a Search Engine  Open Mozilla Firefox  Click the drop-down arrow in the search box  Select the required Search Engine

29. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To manage a search engine, perform the following steps:  Open Mozilla Firefox  Click the drop-down arrow in the Search box on the toolbar  Select Manage Search Engines  Click Move Up or Move Down to move a search engine up or down in the list of search engines  Click Remove to remove a search engine 29Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Search Engines [3-7] Manage Search Engine List Dialog Box

30. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Click Get More Search Engines, to add a new search engine from the Internet 30Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Search Engines [4-7] List of Search Tools in Firefox

31. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Type the keyword in the Search for add-ons box, for example, ask.com 31Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Search Engines [5-7] Searching Add-ons

32. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Under the Ask.com search engine, click Add to Firefox  Click Add 32 Managing Search Engines [6-7] Add Search Engine Dialog Box Introduction to the Internet / Session 3

33. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Firefox displays the search engine in the Manage Search Engine List dialog box 33Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Search Engines [7-7] Manage Search Engine List Dialog Box

34. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Add-on is a term that describes the complete suite of additional features that can be added to a browser.  The benefits of using add-ons are:  Ability to handle different types of content on the Internet  Enhance the functionality of the browser  Help users to personalize the browser  Provides improvement in accessibility 34Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Working with Add-Ons [1-3]

35. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  The three types of add-ons available in Firefox are as follows:  Extensions  Add-ons that modify the existing functionality of the browser  Helps to modify the behavior of the browser  Allow users to customize the browser according to the requirements  Popular Firefox extensions are: 35Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Working with Add-Ons [2-3] TabDescription AdblockPlusBlocks pop-up advertisements on Web pages Video DownloadHelperEnables the user to download videos from the Internet No ScriptEnables the user to display Web content only from trusted Websites FirebugEnables the user to edit and debug HTML and JavaScript in a Web page

36. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Appearance  Helps to change the look of the browser  Two types of appearances are themes and personas  Themes modify the visual appearance of Firefox  Personas are light-weight themes that apply images to the Firefox window  Plug-ins  Are a set of software components that help to manage content that Firefox cannot handle natively  Are created and distributed by third-parties 36Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Working with Add-Ons [3-3]

37. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To search and install add-ons, perform the following steps:  Click Firefox arrow from the top left corner of the Firefox window  Select Add-ons 37Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Searching, Installing, and Updating Add-ons [1-5] Firefox Drop-down Menu

38. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Firefox displays the Add-ons Manager tab 38Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Searching, Installing, and Updating Add-ons [2-5] Firefox Add-ons Manager Tab

39. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Type the keyword for the required add-on  Click the Search icon  Click More under Integrated Gmail  Click Install  Firefox downloads the add-on and prompts for a restart 39Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Searching, Installing, and Updating Add-ons [3-5] Information about Integrated Gmail

40. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Click Restart Now  Firefox restarts and enables the add-on 40Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Searching, Installing, and Updating Add-ons [4-5] Installing an Add-on

41. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  After restarting, users can view the add-on depending upon the type:  If the add-on is an extension, it will be available under the Extensions panel  If the add-on is a theme or persona, it will be available under the Appearance panel  If the add-on is a plug-in, it will be available under the Plug-in panel  Click Tools besides the Search box to check and view add-on updates and instruct Firefox to install updates automatically 41Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Searching, Installing, and Updating Add-ons [5-5]

42. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  If the performance of the browser deteriorates due to large number of add- ons, users can disable or remove the add-ons  For example, certain add-on theme files are very large and they affect the speed of the browser  Users can modify the settings of an extension and also remove or disable it as and when required 42Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Extensions [1-2]

43. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To modify the options for an extension, perform the following steps:  Open the Add-ons Manager tab  Click Extensions  Select the required extension  Click Options  Click OK  Right-click the required extension  Select Show More Information  Click Disable to turn-off the extension  Click Remove to uninstall the extension 43Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Extensions [2-2] Extensions Tab

44. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To update a plug-in, perform the following steps:  Open the Add-ons Manager tab  Click Plug-ins  Click Check to see if your plugins are up to date 44Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Plug-ins [1-2] Plug-ins in Firefox

45. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Click Update Now to update the plug-in 45Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Managing Plug-ins [2-2] Updating Firefox Plugin

46. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  To change Firefox options, perform the following steps:  Click Firefox arrow from the top left corner of the Firefox window  Select Options > Options 46Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Modifying Firefox Options Changing Firefox Options [1-3]

47. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  The Options dialog box is displayed 47Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Firefox Options Dialog Box Changing Firefox Options [2-3]

48. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  The different tabs available in the Options dialog box are as follows: 48Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 TabDescription GeneralProvide options to define application settings TabsProvide options to define settings for tabs ContentProvide options related to how Web content is displayed in Firefox ApplicationsProvide options to define actions that Firefox must execute to handle different types of files PrivacyProvide options to configure Firefox to handle history SecurityProvide options to manage security settings Changing Firefox Options [3-3]

49. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  The Internet is a global network of inter connected networks.  Information on the Internet is stored as Web pages that are created using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).  A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) identifies a Web page on the Internet.  A Web page can contain texts, images, audios, and videos.  A Web browser is a software application that is used to locate and display Web pages available on the Internet.  Mozilla Firefox is one of the most popular Web browsers used around the world. 49Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Summary [1-2]

50. Version 1.0 © 2011 Aptech Limited.  Browsing or surfing is an activity where users search and access the various Web pages available on the Internet.  The two modes of browsing include browsing by URL, and browsing by keywords.  A search engine is a program that scans the Internet for Web pages containing keywords specified by the user and returns the Web pages ranked in order of relevancy.  Google and Yahoo are the most popular search engines.  Add-ons are applications that enhance the functionality of a browser and enable users to personalize it.  The three types of add-ons available in Mozilla Firefox are Extensions, Appearance, and Plug-ins.  Mozilla Firefox allows users to browse for add-ons, install them, check for available updates, and update the add-ons automatically.  Users can configure and customize Firefox according to their requirement using Firefox Options. 50Introduction to the Internet / Session 3 Summary [2-2]