1. Cultural Diversity Law Enforcement I

2. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Cultural Diversity Cultural Diversity – differences in age, ethnic heritage, gender, physical ability/qualities, and sexual orientation 2

3. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Key Terms Culture: an integrated pattern of learned human behavior traits including thoughts, communication, actions, beliefs, and values; the institutions of an ethnic, religious, or social group; a body of learned beliefs, traditions, principles, and guides for behavior that are shared among members of a particular group 3

4. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Key Terms (continued) Ethnicity: sharing a strong sense of identity with a particular religious, racial, or social group Race: a biological concept that defines groups of human beings based on a set of genetic characteristics 4

5. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Key Terms (continued) Cultural sensitivity: the ability to be open to learning about and acceptance of different cultural groups 5

6. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Key Terms (continued) Racism: a belief that racial differences produce an inherent superiority in a particular race Stereotypes: a generalization of characteristics that is applied to all members of a cultural group 6

7. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Key Terms (continued) Internalized oppression: a subconscious belief in negative stereotypes about a group that results in an attempt to fulfill those stereotypes and a projection of those stereotypes onto the members of that group Heterosexism: a belief in the inherent superiority of heterosexuality over all other patterns and thereby the right to dominance 7

8. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Key Terms (continued) Discrimination: to make a difference in treatment on a basis other than individual character Prejudice: an attitude, opinion, or feeling formed without adequate prior knowledge, thought, or reason 8

9. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Key Terms (continued) Multiculturalism: the recognition and acknowledgement that society is pluralistic. In addition to the dominant culture, there are many other cultures based around ethnicity, sexual orientation, geography, religion, gender, and class Ethnocentrism: to judge other cultures by the standards of one’s own, and beyond that, to see one’s own standards as the true universal way and the other culture in a negative way 9

10. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Key Terms (continued) Sexism: the belief in the inherent superiority of one sex (gender) over the other and thereby the right to dominance 10

11. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Dimensions of Culture Primary Dimensions – there are five dimensions that form the core of cultural identity. Social scientists believe that NONE of these dimensions can be changed. Age Gender Physical abilities/qualities Race Sexual orientation 11

12. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Dimensions of Culture (continued) Secondary Dimensions of culture can be altered Educational background Geographic location Income Marital status Parental status Religious beliefs Work experience 12

13. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Theories of Prejudice Cultural Transmission Theory Stereotypes and social distance Children are taught stereotypes Social distance: the desired distance that their group sets on contact with other groups. Social distance begins when certain traits are identified as “good” or “bad” and then linked with stereotypes or particular groups 13

14. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Theories of Prejudice (continued) Personality Theory Frustration and aggression Asserts that social frustration caused by struggles for power within society causes aggression by members of one social group against members of another group Social scapegoat: lower level of power structure Cognitive dissonance: thoughts (social/moral) that sharply conflict with each other 14

15. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Theories of Prejudice (continued) Group Identification Theory Ethnocentrism causes people to gather in groups that view outside groups as different and inferior Strong communities through familial and social ties based on intimacy Ethnocentrism causes prejudice 15

16. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Theories of Discrimination How can discrimination cause prejudice? Children learn to discriminate before they learn to be prejudiced Preexisting discrimination can create a “vicious circle” of discrimination 16

17. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Theories of Discrimination (continued) Situational Pressure Theory People’s actions under pressure in particular situations do not always match their professed beliefs and attitudes The gap between belief and action is called creed/deed discrepancy 17

18. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Theories of Discrimination (continued) Group Gains Theory Dominant social groups discriminate against subordinate groups because the individual members of the dominant groups enjoy concrete gain as a result 18

19. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Theories of Discrimination (continued) Institutional Structure Theory Steady decline in the living standards of racial and ethnic minorities Shame combined with prejudice results in discrimination Segregated schools/neighborhoods emerge Built into the structure of society 19

20. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Culture vs. Subculture Culture: the sum total of the learned behavioral traits, values, beliefs, language, laws, and technology characteristics of the members of a particular society Cultural relativity: belief that no culture can be judged by the standards of another and that every culture must be approached on its own terms 20

21. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Culture vs. Subculture (continued) Subcultures: small groups of people within a society whose values differ from those of the majority 21

22. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2011. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Culture vs. Subculture (continued) Counter-Culture: made of subcultures that sharply challenge and reject some of the norms and expectations of the dominant culture Contracultures: social groups that have developed values and models of behaviors which are in continual conflict with prevailing culture 22