1. Feudalism & the Manor Economy

3. Problems in Europe The destruction of Charlemagne’s empire led to WIDESPREAD CHAOS in Western EuropeThe destruction of Charlemagne’s empire led to WIDESPREAD CHAOS in Western Europe

4. Problems in Europe Political turmoil, economic decline, enemy invasions & constant warfarePolitical turmoil, economic decline, enemy invasions & constant warfare

5. Central authority proved powerless in terms of protection from the CHAOSCentral authority proved powerless in terms of protection from the CHAOS So who did Europeans look to for protection?So who did Europeans look to for protection? Wealthy landowners (aka LORDS)Wealthy landowners (aka LORDS) Problems in Europe

6. The Feudal Pyramid Led to a new system of governing & landholdingLed to a new system of governing & landholding Feudalism:Feudalism: Political and social system based on mutual obligations between lords & vassalsPolitical and social system based on mutual obligations between lords & vassals

7. The Feudal Pyramid Lords granted land called a fiefLords granted land called a fief The person receiving a fief was called a vassalThe person receiving a fief was called a vassal Vassals provided the lord with protectionVassals provided the lord with protection How? Knights! – mounted horsemen who defended lord’s landHow? Knights! – mounted horsemen who defended lord’s land

8. The Feudal Pyramid Peasants comprised a majority of the populationPeasants comprised a majority of the population Most peasants were serfs (a peasant who is bound to the land)Most peasants were serfs (a peasant who is bound to the land) Could not be bought or soldCould not be bought or sold All peasants owed the lord certain dutiesAll peasants owed the lord certain duties

9. (LORDS, BARONS, BISHOPS) (SERFS)

10. The Feudal Pyramid Discussion Questions:Discussion Questions: How was your social class determined?How was your social class determined? Could a lord also be a vassal?Could a lord also be a vassal? Why is there a cross at the top of the pyramid?Why is there a cross at the top of the pyramid? What was the role of the peasants?What was the role of the peasants? How were serfs different from slaves?How were serfs different from slaves?

11. Anatomy of a Castle

12. Due to the lack of a strong central authority, warfare was VERY common during the Middle AgesDue to the lack of a strong central authority, warfare was VERY common during the Middle Ages Why were castles, or fortified manor houses, needed?Why were castles, or fortified manor houses, needed?

13. Medieval castles were designed in response to the weapons they had to withstandMedieval castles were designed in response to the weapons they had to withstand Anatomy of a Castle

14. Common Features:Common Features: Stone, thick walls, rounded towers, reinforced doors, moat & keepStone, thick walls, rounded towers, reinforced doors, moat & keep

16. The World of Nobles

17. Warfare was a way of lifeWarfare was a way of life Constant battle for powerConstant battle for power From boyhood many nobles were trained to become knightsFrom boyhood many nobles were trained to become knights

18. Knighthood Age 7 (PAGE):Age 7 (PAGE): –Sent to the castle of a lord –Trained in weaponry, riding & fighting –Learned manners (chivalry) from the lady of the house

19. Knighthood Age 14 (SQUIRE):Age 14 (SQUIRE): –Became a knight’s servant Age 21 (KNIGHT):Age 21 (KNIGHT): –Full-fledged knighthood

20. Knighthood Tournaments:Tournaments: Mock battles characterized by fierce competitionMock battles characterized by fierce competition Winners usually demanded a ransom from defeated knightsWinners usually demanded a ransom from defeated knights

21. Knighthood Warfare:Warfare: Large-scale battleLarge-scale battle Generally fought by castlesGenerally fought by castles Boiling water, hot oil, molten lead & crossbows served to deter enemy soldiersBoiling water, hot oil, molten lead & crossbows served to deter enemy soldiers

22. Noblewomen Active role in noble societyActive role in noble society Lady of the Manor:Lady of the Manor: While husband was at war, women supervised vassals, managed the household & performed agricultural tasksWhile husband was at war, women supervised vassals, managed the household & performed agricultural tasks

23. A Code of Conduct

24. Chivalry:Chivalry: A code of conduct followed by knightsA code of conduct followed by knights Required knights to be brave, loyal & true to their wordRequired knights to be brave, loyal & true to their word Defend the ChurchDefend the Church

25. A Code of Conduct Fight fairlyFight fairly Treat enemy captures well & with respectTreat enemy captures well & with respect Protect & cherish womenProtect & cherish women

26. A Code of Conduct Troubadours adopted this view of womenTroubadours adopted this view of women Performed love songs that praised the perfection, beauty & wit of womenPerformed love songs that praised the perfection, beauty & wit of women

27. Manorialism

28. The Medieval Manor Manor:Manor: The lord’s estateThe lord’s estate Manorialism:Manorialism: The economic side of feudalismThe economic side of feudalism

29. The Medieval Manor Manors varied in size & included the lord’s house, pastures, fields, forested areas, a church, & a village where peasants livedManors varied in size & included the lord’s house, pastures, fields, forested areas, a church, & a village where peasants lived The goal of every manor was to be SELF-SUFFICIENTThe goal of every manor was to be SELF-SUFFICIENT WHY?WHY?

31. The Medieval Manor The lord provided the serfs with housing, farmland, and protectionThe lord provided the serfs with housing, farmland, and protection The serfs tended the lord’s lands, cared for his animals, and paid taxes and tithesThe serfs tended the lord’s lands, cared for his animals, and paid taxes and tithes

32. Review http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCPp 7XWZfHohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCPp 7XWZfHohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCPp 7XWZfHohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCPp 7XWZfHo Some other video clips that might be helpful understanding the Feudal Pyramid:Some other video clips that might be helpful understanding the Feudal Pyramid: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Riz5HdoH REhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Riz5HdoH REhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Riz5HdoH REhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Riz5HdoH RE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vCxXKS1g Nohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vCxXKS1g Nohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vCxXKS1g Nohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vCxXKS1g No http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab3VwpVkg Schttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab3VwpVkg Schttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab3VwpVkg Schttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab3VwpVkg Sc