1.  What did you eat this morning?  Why do you eat food?  How does your food get its food?  What is the process called in which organisms make their own food?  What do we call organisms that make their own food?

2. There are 2 ways cells to obtain energy:  Autotrophs Make own food by using energy from the ___ Make own food by using energy from the ___ Example: _____ Example: _____  Heterotrophs Get energy from consuming _____ sources Get energy from consuming _____ sources Example: ______ Example: ______ sun plants other animals

3. Autotroph or Heterotroph?

4. Chemical Energy Energy source of all cells is ____ (nucleotide). Energy source of all cells is ____ (nucleotide). Stands for: _________ ____________ Stands for: _________ ____________ Releases ______ by breaking a _________ bond. Releases ______ by breaking a _________ bond. Results in Adenosine __-phosphate, aka: ____ Results in Adenosine __-phosphate, aka: ____ Made in ___________ Made in ___________ Adenosine Tri-Phosphat e ATP energy phosphate Di ADP mitochondria

5. Photosynthesis Process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars called: Process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars called: GLUCOSE C 6 H 12 O 6

6. 1. Light – a form of energy. 2. Chloroplasts – are green organelles in plants where photosynthesis occurs. 3. Pigments - colored molecules that help absorb light. 4. Chlorophyll -- green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy. 5. Water – source of hydrogen atoms to make glucose. 6. Carbon Dioxide – source of carbon atoms to make glucose Requirements for Photosynthesis O H H C O O

7. Solar energy- required for energy cycle. Solar energy- required for energy cycle. Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms are recycled in the environment in order to transfer energy. Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms are recycled in the environment in order to transfer energy.

8. Write the Equation: CO 2 H2OH2O sun C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 66 6 ________ + ________ + _______  _________ + ________

9. 1. Plants obtain energy DIRECTLY from sun 1. Plants obtain energy DIRECTLY from sun a. Plants will breakdown GLUCOSE for energy b. Plants STORE extra glucose called STARCH to use when needed c. Plants use glucose to make CELLULOSE for cell walls Go to Section: Benefits of Photosynthesis

10. 2. Animals obtain energy INDIRECTLY from sun 2. Animals obtain energy INDIRECTLY from sun a. Animals can feed on plant’s stored glucose (STARCH) b. Animals get O 2 from plants c. Plants remove CO 2 from atmosphere Go to Section: Benefits of Photosynthesis

11. Photosynthesis Organelle Chloroplasts Chloroplasts

12. Two Reactions Light-dependent Reaction Light-dependent Reaction Needs light Needs light Occurs in thylakoid Occurs in thylakoid Light-independent Reaction Light-independent Reaction No Light (Calvin Cycle) No Light (Calvin Cycle) Occurs in the stroma Occurs in the stroma

13. Light dependent reaction Light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)

15. Light-Dependent Reaction Produce Oxygen gas Produce Oxygen gas Convert ADP and NADP + into Energy carriers Convert ADP and NADP + into Energy carriers ADP  ATP ADP  ATP NADP +  NADPH NADP +  NADPH

16. Light-independent Reaction Calvin Cycle Calvin Cycle Use ATP and NADPH from light- dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars (GLUCOSE) Use ATP and NADPH from light- dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars (GLUCOSE)

17. Location Location Chloroplast in Plants Chloroplast in Plants Start with: Start with: CO 2 (Carbon dioxide), H 2 O (water) and Sunlight (energy) CO 2 (Carbon dioxide), H 2 O (water) and Sunlight (energy) The 2 cycles are: The 2 cycles are: Light-Dependent Reaction Light-Dependent Reaction Light-Independent (Calvin Cycle) Light-Independent (Calvin Cycle) Produce/Make: Produce/Make: C 6 H 12 O 6 (Glucose; sugar) and O 2 (Oxygen) C 6 H 12 O 6 (Glucose; sugar) and O 2 (Oxygen) Photosynthesis OVERVIEW Photosynthesis OVERVIEW

18. PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELL RESPIRATION O2O2 CO 2 Chloroplast in Plants Mitochondria in ALL cells (Plants AND Animals)

19. How do you feel when you’re hungry and haven’t eaten? Where do you get the energy you need to keep going? What if there are no carbs? Where did the energy needed to make macromolecules come from?

20. Cellular Respiration

21. Process by which the _______ of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) is released in the cell energy Cellular Respiration

22. Cellular Respiration begins with glucose… Comes from the food you eat!! Enters cells from the bloodstream

23. Respiration occurs in cells! cells! all (including Plant cells)

24. Two Types of Respiration Aerobic Respiration: –Requires Anaerobic Respiration –NO oxygen needed Without Oxygen

25. Aerobic Respiration: Has 3 stages Gain of 36 ATPs Requires Oxygen Occurs in the “mighty” mitochondria

26. C 6 H 12 0 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36ATP Aerobic Respiration Equation (Glucose) + (Oxygen ) (Glucose) + (Oxygen ) (Carbon + (water) + (energy) dioxide)

27. 3 Stages of Aerobic Respiration 1. Glycolysis 2 ATP2 ATP 2. Krebs Cycle 2 ATP2 ATP 3. Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP 32 ATP

28. Anaerobic Respiration Respiration not requiring oxygen Aka: Fermentation Only produce 2 ATP Two types of fermentation: 1.Alcoholic: Yeast Bacteria Occurs in Yeast & Bacteria Produces CO 2 & alcohol 2.Lactic Acid: Produced in muscle during intense exercise

29. Produces CO 2 and alcohol Yeast and bacteria Baking and brewing industry 1. Alcoholic Fermentation

30. Lactic Lactic acid is produced in the muscles muscles during rapid rapid exercise (when the body can’t supply enough oxygen to tissues) 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

31. Start with: –O2 (oxygen) and Glucose (sugar) 2 types are: –Aerobic (with Oxygen) 3 stages: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain Form 36 ATP –Anaerobic (without oxygen): Alcoholic and Lactic Acid Fermentation Form 2 ATP Respiration Overview

32. PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELL RESPIRATION O2O2 CO 2 Chloroplast in Plants Mitochondria in ALL cells (Plants AND Animals)

33. Photosynthesis Energy Capture Energy Capture Chloroplast Chloroplast CO 2 and H 2 0 CO 2 and H 2 0 Glucose and O 2 Glucose and O 2 Cell Respiration FUNCTIONLOCATIONREACTANTSPRODUCTS Energy Release Energy Release Mitochondria Mitochondria Glucose and O 2 Glucose and O 2 CO 2 and H 2 0 CO 2 and H 2 0