1. Unfulfilled Needs: Energy - Resource Constraints  High Cost of Irrigation … lack of productivity and reduced profitability  Lack of power for local value-addition … absence of enterprise and livelihood opportunities  Primitive cooking and lighting solutions …negative health effects, lack of productive time and inefficient resource use Development Alternatives

2. Em Power Model Development Alternatives Renewable Energy Source Enterprise Baharbari Orchha Gaushala Use of renewable energy Provides access to modern energy services Enhanced livelihood security REZ models established

3. DA Group Approach  Innovate solutions that create livelihoods, meet basic needs and realize environmental benefits on a large scale  Incubate enterprise models through the application of sound technological, environmental and market practices  Institute support service mechanisms to ensure viability and long-term sustainability  Influence policy through action research, analysis, documentation and communication Development Alternatives

4. Bundelkhand Region in central India – a typical semiarid region Development Alternatives Highly vulnerable communities Availability of cattle as energy resource

5. Flow Diagram Development Alternatives Cows Fodder Biogas digester/ Engine Vermicomp osting Irrigation Pumpset Spice Grinding Milk Chilling Oil Expeller

6. Gaushala Flow Diagram Development Alternatives 75 non-milch cows 7.5 KW biogas engine 5 enterprises being operated  Oil expeller  Spice grinding unit  Irrigation pumps  Milk chilling plant  Vermicomposting O&M by women

7. Baharbari Oudyogik Vikas Sahakari Samiti Development Alternatives A cooperative energy enterprise model with service orientation  Package of energy services in response to tangible needs of diverse users … not electricity but water  Flexible tariff structure … Rs. 35 per hour at time of irrigation or Rs. 49 per hour at time of harvest  Value addition to local resources (rice, jute, bamboo, biomass)  Panchayat influence in collection of revenue

8. DESI Power, Orchha Development Alternatives Commissioned in April 1996  Capacity 100 Kw (e)  Biomass fuel - Ipomea  Gasifier operation 35,000 hrs  Electricity generated, over 1.2 million units  Cost of electricity generated Rs.4.90 / KWh  100% gas engine installed for reducing cost of generation  Powers a handmade paper unit  Employing ~ 40 women

9. PPCP model at Namakkal GAM Optimum operation of energy plant Farmers and communities (RERO) Reduced risks to livelihoods through affordable energy services & other opportunities District Administration and Panchayat Fulfills provision of clean environment & livelihood generation obligations Waste management services Assured supply of farm and agricultural waste Support mechanisms for institutionalization Policy support Enhanced livelihoods Hygienic environment Development Alternatives

10. Replication Development Alternatives Panchayat land Financing through government grants, community equity Technical support services for repair and maintenance of the biogas plant Strengthening through carbon finance is required Capacity building in the rural context including numeric education

11. Advantages Combines adaptation and mitigation (ADMIT) Acts as catalyst for rural enterprises Empowers vulnerable communities by making them owners and managers of energy based enterprises Enhanced  Energy security  Water security  Food security  Livelihood security through creation of green jobs Development Alternatives