1. Essay Questions for Exam A How important is the setting of a particular time and place to the development of the characters? Choose two characters to discuss. B Discuss one of the following themes in the novel and how it Discuss two characters – The conflict between traditionalism and individualistic values. – Conflict between traditional India and modern India – Quest for self-fulfillment/spiritual fulfillment – Self-deception – Playing the roles that are expected of us. C Discuss Narayan's narrative technique of using a braided narrative. Why is it effective and how does it contribute to the novel as a whole?

2. agenda Hindu terms Identifying the following techniques: – Point of view – Looking at examples of Raju’s character – Irony – Foreshadowing – themes Homework: read chapters 3-4 mark places in ch. 4 where Raju begins to accept the role he is given.

3. Temple near Ghat (steps to river)

4. Another temple

5. Bharatnatyam Dancer

6. The Guide as a Hindu work Spiritual asscent Viney Kirpal’s The Archetypal Four-Stage Journey according to Hindu philosophy 1.Student life (bramacharya 2.Life of the householder (garhasthya 3.Gradual withdrawl from life (vanaprastha) 4.Final ascetic surrender of the self ( sannyasa)

7. Hindu terms Maya: role playing “The world is a stage, (lila) and people are merely playing roles.” Bhagavad Gita values moral action according to one’s dharma (duty) even above learning and acts of piety. Critic Viney Kirpal believes that although he is netiher a mystic or sage, Raju attains moksha (liberation) through good action, renunciation of the self, and a return to the life of dharma.

8. Dharma Hindu concept that includes both social duty and a sense of vocation. In the introduction to the novel Michael Gorra asks how dharma “affects the novelist’s sense of the relation between plot and character?

9. Rasipuram Krishnawamy Narayan 1906- 2001

10. “I'd be quite happy if no more is claimed from me than being just a story-teller. Only the story matters, that is all. If readers read more significance into my stories than was meant originally, then that's the reader's understanding of things. But if a story is in tune completely with the truth of life, truth as I perceive it, then itt will be automatically significant."

11. A celebrated Indian writer who writes in English Known for his simple and unpretentious writing Was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize

12. The Guide Takes place in a fictional town called Magudi- some place near Mysore: “Malgudi is a land of fantasy, not as in a dream, colored and brilliant; but the reverie of relaxed awakening, a contemplation of commonness. Life there is reduced, or elevated, to the lowest common denominator of living, which remains the same in nearly all places and times.” –Nandan Datta (California Literary Review)

13. The Rockefeller Foundation selected Narayan for a travel grant. He left for the United States, in October 1956.” In the Hotel Carlton, Berkeley, California, Narayan wrote the most famous of his novels, “The Guide”. Sometimes he wrote with a typewriter, sometimes with paper and pen, cooking his own food on a hot plate in the hotel room every day.

15. Based on true incident A recent situation in Mysore offered a setting for such story. A severe drought had dried up all the rivers and tanks; Krishnaraja Sagar, an enormous reservoir feeding channels that irrigated thousands of acres, had also become dry, and its bed, a hundred and fifty feet deep, was now exposed to the sky with fissures and cracks, revealing an ancient submerged temple, coconut stumps, and dehydrated crocodiles. As a desperate measure, the municipal council organized prayers for rains. A group of Brahmans stood knee-deep in water (procured at great cost) on the dry bed of Kaveri, fasted, prayed and chanted certain mantras continuously for eleven days. On the twelfth day it rained. It was really the starting point of The Guide.

16. Themes The conflict between traditionalism and individualistic values. Conflict between traditional India and modern India Quest for self-fulfillment/spiritual fulfillment/transformation Self-deception Playing the roles that are expected of us. Duality

17. POV Looking at benefits of third person pov. How does it highlight incongruities between action and thought? How does the objective pov also support the satirical tone and irony?

18. Point of View Pay attention to the switch in Point of View First and third person is used. Braided pov Narrative switches from time when narrator tells us about his childhood and then returns to the present time of the narrative and his current problem.

19. Tone Satirical – the use of irony, sarcasm, or ridicule to expose, denounce or poke fun at human folly. Humorous irreverent

20. Duel POV Ist person Represents voice of the modern individual with desire for self-assertion Third person represents the community and demand for civic responsibility Sympathy and judgment for Raju are in delicate balance

21. Techniques The shift in points of view highlight the irony and satire in the novel… Naryan is an ironist who uses humor to expose the absurdity of the situation (this is accomplished through third person pov) 1 st person draws sympathy toward Raju – We see him as a lovable rogue

22. Technique first person narrative during the past action of the story fast forward talking about Rosie. (ch. 1 p.4-8) Third person past during the present action Cinematic techniques: jump cut, flashback, flash forward…link between the two periods is his confession to Velan

23. Third person : Most common for short stories (space, one reality, one climax, one turning point.) Anonymous narrator eyewitness; confidant, - One person’s perspective only. - Can’t enter another person’s internal reality - 3 rd person is the protagonist. It is his or her conflict Allows for some authorial commentary

24. The narrator or lens of the story Can travel inside the character, and outside, making judgments on the character’s actions. This can increase the irony between what the character is perceiving and what is actually happening.

25. Advantages of third person Immediacy and identification with that character. We are in that character’s story.

26. In third Question of distance How close is the narrator? In a close third, the narrator is able to move in and out of the protagonist’s head and intimately knows the character’s feelings and thoughts.

27. Advantages of First Person 1. All observations must be consistent with what character knows, see, and believes to be true about the world. 2. Everything is filtered through the consciousness of the I. 3. Tighter focus can limit what is told. 4. But 1 st person can be exploited in interesting ways through irony, discrepancy, and contradiction

28. 1 st person -Subjective Creates sympathy for Raju we see him as lovable rouge Represents the modern voice with desire for assertion 3 rd person Objective detached view allows “observation, exposure and deflation.” Increases the irony between what the character is perceiving and what is actually happening. Represents voice of community/ demand for civic responsibility “Humor is achieved through this duel narrative shifting reader’s perspective closer to, and then further away from Raju”. (Middle Distance.)

29. 1. What do we learn about the Raju? appears to be honest. he doesn’t like to be stared at, and tells Velan “I’m not as great as you imagine, just an ordinary man.” (4). “old habit of “affording guidance to others” his nature to involve himself into interest of others. p. 10 “I hope she is uninteresting.” Sense of trouble with women? Rosie P. 14 felt irritated by the responsiblities the villagers were placing on him.

30. Ch 1p. 12 pov- “Felt like an actor…(9).” “He was of the stuff that disciples are made of; an unfinished story or an incomplete moral never bothered him; it was all in the scheme of life ” (12) “Felt he was growing wings (14)’

31. Raju? How does Narayan take us to the heart of his character? 1.Braided pov creates delicate balance between sympathy and judgment: a Third person(allows more objective view of character) b. First person (more subjective, creates sympathy) 2.Creates a Flawed character who finds redemption at end (that is debatable) a. Emerging from jail b. covets another man’s wife c. fasts for good of the village

32. Ch 2 First person past through p. 20 Then switches back to third person pov present action Raju tries to debunk his own greatness: “There is nothing extraordinary in my guess. Still mistaken for a yogi. He realizes “ that he had no alternative; he must play the rolde that Velan had given him.”

33. Quick Write P. 24: (after the girl agrees to marry) “He realized that he had no alternative: he must play the role that Velan had given him.” Describe the significance of this line as it relates to theme and character.

34. Agenda: Braided POV Experimenting in Point of View Choose a photo Answer questions Write a short paragraph story in 3 rd pov Write another story about your character in 1 st pov What are the advantages and disadvantages of both?

35. Questions Name Physical characteristics Age now Where they grew up Family life? One thing that happened to them as a child they will never forget. Something innocent they enjoy doing Conflict they are dealing with right If ths person were to be a victim of a crime would it be? Who are the most important people in their life?

36. Questions Continued What would your character be willing to die for? What is your character’s favorite possession? If you wrote a story about this person, where would it take place?

37. Take 30 seconds and tell your partner about this character Write a story in 3 rd person pov about character Write a story in 1 st person pov about character. What are the advantages and disadvantages of 3 rd and 1 st person?

38. homework Just read chapter 5 pages 41-56

39. Lesson plan Friday Shared Inquiry chapter 4: students mark lines that relate to theme of playing a role In groups answer questions for ch. 5

40. Ch. 3 Railroad opens’ symbol of modernity

41. Agenda Shared Inquiry ch. 4 Discuss ch. 5 questions Finish reading ch. 5 in class Homework: Finish chapter 6 over weekend and answer questions (not this is a change)

42. Shared Inquiry Ch. 4 Question Does the narrator seem to believe that acting like a holy man can give us holy man thoughts? Or is he commenting on the gullibility of people and their desire to believe in the wisdom and holiness of others? Mark lines that support your opinion Context: talking to schoolmaster P. 34 Talking to children and their parents 37-38

43. responses

44. Ch. 4 Plays the role expected of him Read 37-40 sig. lines p. 34: “What can a crocodile do to you if your mind is clear and you conscience is untroubled?” “He was amazed at the amount of wisdom welling up from the depths of his being.” “He was hypnotized by his own voice…” No one was more impressed with the grandeur of the whole thing than Raju himself (Authorial comment)

45. P. 40: “With the exception of Velan, and a few others, Raju never bothered to remember faces or names or even to know to whom he was talking. He seemed to belong to the world now. His influence was unlimited.”

46. Discuss questions Ch. 5

47. Chapter 5: Railroad Raju When people asked him questions, he never admitted that he didn’t know Doesn’t mean to lie, just trying to be pleasant He makes comments about travelers: “Travelers are an enthusiastic lot. They do not mind any inconvenience as long as they have something to see.”

48. Scared of the man who acted as “the examiner” Then he played meek and self-effacing He learned as he taught

49. Meet Rosie P.48-51 The cobra: “She stretched out her arm slightlyand swayed it in imitation of the movement; she swayed her whole body to the rhythm-for just a second, but that was sufficient to tell me what she was, the greatest dancer of the century.”

50. “I felt annoyed with him at this stage. What did he take me for?... A tout? It made me ver angty, but the fact was that I really was a tout….” – (someone who solicits business in an annoying way) – The next day he ingratiates himself a bit by offering to ask Rosie to join them on the ride to the cave.

51. p.55 Going to the Peak House He flirts with Rosie: “You may come out as you are and no one will mind it. Who would decorate a rainbow?” Irony: Marco knew everything about the cave and didn’t need Raju to be his guide

52. Agenda Quick write Shared Inquiry: How does pov contriubute to irony and humor in novel? Mark pov and places where Raju begins to change Homework for tomorrow) Read hand out on The Guide as a Post-Colonial novel. Novel -mark important ideas that would be useful for exam. What does the writer say about Narayan’s juxtaposition of : Traditional way of life and modernity? How does this relate to Rosie, Raju and Marco?

53. Ch. 5 Quick write What do you think of Raju? Do you think he is being dishonorable in his flirtations with Rosie or does Narayan give us reasons for being sympathetic to Raju’s advances? What narrative techniques help reveal character?

54. How is Raju depicted? Techniques of characterization Internal or external representation? Actions? Use of Language Interactions with other characters? Dialogue? Symbolism? Physical description? Interaction with environment? Setting? What character says about themselves What others say about them

55. Agenda Read essay on The Guide as a Post-Colonial Novel when you finish-mark important ideas that would be useful for exam. What does the writer say about Narayan’s juxtaposition of : Traditional way of life and modernity? How does this relate to Rosie, Raju and Marco? Discuss Bharatanatyam dance

56. p. 64 History of Rosie’s family Raju expresses his love and admiration She tells him about the quarrels with her husband She was a temple dancer “viewed as public women” – Not viewed as respectable or civilized.

57. Rosie went to school Earned her master’s in economics Saw an ad for a wife that Marco placed Is she happy in her marriage?

58. Ch. 6 Deepavali (Divali) is the festival celebrating the return of the sun after the rainy season. Sawmiji: ji is an honorific suffix

59. Part of the comedy He is regarded as a sage for making expected guesses and mouthing certain platitudes. Comic irony is obvious in this chapter. Raju’s contrived, false mysticism becomes a problem for him in this chapter.

60. Round Robin Ch. 6

61. Ch. 6 How does he respond to the impending drought? From his perspective: 72 “They were clearly losing their head. They were entering a nightmare phase” – Why does he fail to recognize the severity of the drought? – Women tell him that he “must show us the way.” – He waves his hand and says, “Be peaceful; everything will be all right; I wil fix it with the gods” (73).

62. p. 73 When taken to look at the dead buffalo Raju learns that the buffalo didn’t belong to anyone in the village. – “Raju felt relieved a the possibility of there being other solutions and explanations. Raju says: – “It must have been bitten by a poisonous insect.” Why does he deny the obvious signs?

63. Fight over the price of rice with the shopman p. 74 Conflict develops between relatives of the man who was attacked by the shopman and the shopman’s relatives How does this affect Raju and his feelings for the villagers?

64. POV examples P 74 Velan and his men.. P77 Velan’s brother

65. Reactions continued Why doesn’t he go to see Velan? – People will expect him to visit other injured Villagers plan to burn down the houses Raju Worried that so much commotion could attract the police. Raju tells Velan’s brother: “Not to fight.”

66. p. 77: “Unless they are good I’ll never eat.” The boy could not understand the connection Between the fight and the man’s food. The boy said, that Raju’s message was: “Tell your brother not to bring me any more food. I won’t eat. If I don’t eat, it’ll be all right; and then everything will be all right.”

67. Villagers misinterpret the boy- they think: p. 79 If he fasts it will rain. “Only great souls that take upon themselves tasks such as this-”

68. P. 80-81 Raju is waiting for his food and gifts and feels even more satisfied with himself thinking that people were jubilant over the fact that’he had prevented a fight.” “He felt happy that he had achieved something, and saved the village.”

69. Read pages 82-87 How does 3 rd person pov create humor and irony in these pages? Find examples of irony and moments of change in Raju’s thinking place a post it by significant passage P-pov C -change in character

70. 82 “Your prayers will surely be answered and save our village. Every one of us in the village prays night and day that you come through it safely.” Now they tell him he is “Mahatma” (great soul=saint)

71. Why does he try to cover his feet? (82) And then: (83) It seemed possible that he himself might bow low, take the dust of his own feet, and press it tohis eyes. He began to think that his personality radiated a glory….” “We Derive merit from your face” – Hindu belief in darshan” by witnessing holy objects or person, is a spiritual blessing. At this point he thinks they are grateful that he stopped the fight.

72. Alex: 85.” Did they expect him to starve? His view of his demands Peter 84: What was this new subject? He doesn’t know what’s going on 82 he Felt ridiculous playing hide and seek with his feet. Ben 87 : I am no saint: Serena 83: he had already had two meals that day. Natalie: Press dust into my own eyes: maybe I am Grrace 84: come to attach value to his own words Stephen: significance of what he says.Casey 86 moved by the recollection of the crowd touching his feet…moved by their attention Peter: got down from his pedestal. “ N: Velan tries to sitbelow Raju, and Raju moves down so he isn’t seen as above him

73. P. 82 He tried to cover his feet. 83: began to feel it right that they should touch his feet 83 Where is the stuff for my Bonda Allowed to touch my feet: he would press the dust to his eyes (change) starting to believe that he is the holyt man. Accepting his role Eva: p. 86:”But he felt moved by the recollection of the villagers touching his feet.” 82-83 POV from both (Nick) Raju is angry that they don’t come/ villagers are so faithful Aidan ( change in Raju: moved by their gratitude. Realizing how much he means to him. Jesse: 87:Begins to be truthful protect himself. + change Change: P 84:”To attch value to his own words.” Stepped down from his pedastl. The seat had acquired his glamour.

74. Joey: Skyler 83: He himsellf… press dust to his eyes creates irony begins believe in his own glory Piper 85: “Did they expect him to starbve?” Nick: 85: It is alone that I shall be alone tonight…” The throne had acquiried authority. Doesn’t want to be seen as amore than he is. Khradh. : 82 womean kissing her feet Mahatamah.Not accepting that position. Elizabeth: Helps us understand how ambigious. Changes Mahida: 84: to attach value to his own words: shift from previous self. Henry: 86 shift: But he moved by the recollection of people trying to touch feet Mikael altrusim Olivia 87: Took his seat, Raju sat down. Trying to make himself level with Velan.

75. Read 84-85 He felt that he had worked himself into a position from which he could not get out. He needed to attach value to his own words. He now saw the enormity of his own creation. He had created a giant with his puny self, a throne of authority with that slab of stone.

76. Reactions Alarmed at how agitated they were becoming Thinks the village people don’t know hot to be peaceful Considers finding a new place. Learns that Valen was injured. Did not know what was expected of him. – (felt the best thing for them would be to blow one another’s brains out.)

77. Where does he begin to change? p. 86: But he felt moved by the recollection of the big crowd of women and children touching his feet. He felt moved by the thought of their gratitude,” “By habit, his nature avoided the direct and bald truth even now...I want to know what has made you think so about me.?”

78. Snippets? Ch 6 “I think I’ll look for a new place.” “Unless they are good I’ll never eat.” I am no saint

79. “I am not a saint” “Raju felt really sorry to be shattering his faith; but it was the only way in which he could hope to escape the ordeal.

80. How does pov help reveal character?

81. What type of person is Raju?

82. Agenda Looking for irony and shifts in attitude in ch. 6 Tomorrow: reading day in class ch. 7 answer study guide questions Quiz on Thursday: chapters 1-6 and vocab. ( list coming tomorrow)

83. Agenda Review points of The Guide as a Post-Colonial Novel: – What do critics say about Narayan’s depiction of India as a post-colonial novel? – How is this conflict revealed through the characters? Characters in Ch. 7: How do they represent the conflict between traditional India and an emerging Modern India?

84. Narayan in a Post-Colonial world What do critics say about his novel as a post-colonial depiction of India? Towers Naipul Say he ignores the problems of a country emerging from colonialism. Naipul: ( 108) finds Narayan’s Hindu world view as reductive. A deliberate turning away from post-colonial complexity Tower rejects omiscient authorial pov as retrograde literary practice (109) Dismisses the “ hermeneutics of nostalgia” “hypothetical golden age Boehmer, Sen, Mahood Boehmer: lack of British presence shows that India “existed inde. w/o Colonial power Capacity of Inida to absorb world-view (109) Mahood depiction of traiditon is dynamic and not nostalgic Sen argues that Narayan does not ignore distress of poor India (111) Sen also argues that the coexistance of traditiona and colonial presence is common.

85. Characters as embodiment of both traditional and modern 112-113? Raju as capitalist? railroad individuation and self assertion faking role of guru for personal gain Rosie? rise as dancer post- colonial phenom Marco? man of science ignores caste to marry Rosie But forbids wife to dance

86. Sen’s belief p.119 Narayan is aware of the contradicitons of post-colonial India. Conflict between tradition and modernity is mediated with “irony” Asked to ponder the problems of their interactions.

87. Narayan in a Post-Colonial world His early novels show that Indian culture existed independently of colonial power (108) P. 109: Sees intrusion of the modern into traditional India. Hindu world-view absorbs all contradictions. Sen argues that Narayan does not ignore distress of poor India (111)

88. Bharatanatyam Dance Classical South Indian Dance Performed in temples by a class of dancers (devadasis)

89. Bha' - Bhavam (means expression), 'Ra' - Ragam (means music), 'Ta - Talam (means beat or rhythm) and Natyam (means dance) in Tamil.Tamil.

90. The dancer uses the space as her own sacred temple and brings the audience into her magical circle as she performs and acts out stories with Gods and Goddesses from Indian mythology, folk tales and stories with emotional content.

91. The dance originated 5000 years Young girls were dedicated to the temples at the early age of eight years underwent a strict teaching, related to the arts to fully understand and evoke the sentiments required of them as dancers.

92. Devadasis Servant of god Outlawed in 1988. but parents sell daughters (usually of the dalit or untouchable cast) into the practice.

93. agenda For Tomorrow: test chatpers 1-6/vocabulary Review pov, irony in the novel/themes Read ch. 8 Today: meet in groups, compare notes, Share thoughts with class Read articles and see if more is learned

94. Ch 7 tradition/Modernity Emerging theme of transformation and self- fulfillment. Characters in Ch. 7: How do they represent the conflict between traditional India and an emerging Modern India?

95. Sen asserts on 117 that Narayan Navigates the “contradictions of the post-colonial world. He is not only aware of the inevitability of change, but also of the problems that attend the processes of change in a traditional society.” How is this true in The Guide? How are the situations and the main characters a reflection of changing times in Post-Colonial India? (1948) 2 What other significant pts do we learn about them? Four groups Rosie: Raju Marco Raju’s mother

96. Four groups 1.What do we learn about your character? 2 Find examples of the conflict between traditional India and post-colonial India. 3. Examples of self-fulfillment. 4. ( Where is there a discrepancy between Raju’s attitude and the reader’s sense that his account is shaded by self interest? ) 5.Where in ch. 7 would you like to hear Rosie’s or Marco’s side of the story?

97. Rosie 2 nd hr

98. Rosie After all he has been so good to me. Traditional value of DUTY!! Yet, she has freedom. Name is a western name…Changes It so that it sounds more traditional. Before she was rich and famous…dreamed of having riches, but found a balance. She takes the traditional dance and makes it a career. Has college education. Finds fulfillment through tradition. Raju- Starts trying to be a ‘modern’ business man, but finds fulfillment by becoming a guru. Marco-Marries outside caste, indicating progressive, but still treats wife poorly. Scientific man who loves history. Feels guilty after cheating, so tries to be a better wife to alleviate guilt. Spiritual quests are started by others-guides.

99. Rose: dancer of traditional dance, commercialization Practices traditional dance, but has a western name..Nalini. Balance She escaped her duty as a dancer, but she returns to it. Example of Rosie acting like a modern woman: xcheating Degree Masters in economics Even after Raju is put in jail she continues to dance and is still successful. Unmarried, independent After all he is my husband… she gives him respect…traditional view of marriage. Her duty as a wife Rosie embodies india they are both attempting to find success in amodern world through traditonal methods.

100. Rosie comes from a traditional background of devadasi, but seems modern in respects : Caste MA in economics Torn between duty to husband and her own self- fulfillment as a dancer Feels guilty over affair and tells Marco 93-95 Art form is very old, she performs it as a cultural art form outside of its origin Though modern, desires affection from husband.

101. Raju RAJU!! Pg 90-Somethimes felt like in rags-something… not modern enough…invest in hair face lotion. Wants to appear modern. Abandons arranged marriage for personal gain. Begins to be concerned with other’s feelings, but this is because HE doesn’t want to see others in pain. Doesn’t care for Marco. Almost pities Marco. Then resumes being jerk. Raju defies mother. (Individualism vs Collectivism). Railway RAJU!! RAJU!! like the train. RAJU!! Embodies modernization. Selfish, individualistic. Contrasts with father’s traditionalism.

102. Raju

103. Reinventing himself Railway Raju, tourist guide, business manager for Rosie, swami Raju (Raillway Raju) Places self interest over tradition and society. could serve for a symbol for the changing identity of India

104. Raju Railroad Raju…represents the modern with a more traditional P. 90: Clothes: he dresses in a more modern fashion to attract Rosie Railroad is a symbol of modernization..line of work first pov: depicts Marco as focused on work only. Neglectful husband

105. marco

106. Marco 89: all practical affairs of life seem impossible to him. Focuses on the past of India…bit out of place in the modern age. Wealthy, higher solcial classVery authoritative. Bossing others around

107. Marco 7 th Symbolizing western orientation. Archaeologist, celebrates western science but has reverence for ancient things. Ignores caste prejudice to marry Rosie. Breaks REALLY BIG barrier to marry her. Still remains traditional in patriarchal behavior. Very controlling, denies Rosie her freedom. Third cave… musical notation.. Figure.. Puzzled (98) Ignores Rosie’s knowledge of traditional music. Pg 115- not branch of learning, street acrobatics.. Discuss something… dance like… what creativity?... Monkey... Trick. THEME! PAST! PRESENT! EFFECT! AFFECT! RAJU!! COLORS PERSPECTIVE. Don’t know how Marco feels. Marco acts reserved when learning about affair. Absolutely helpless… Impractical… could barely even buy a ticket.

108. Marco Man of science Contradiction: marries out of caste, but ignores wife’s desire P. 115 (Doesn’t see any thing intelligent or creative in her dancing.)

109. Raju’s mother RAJU!!’s Mother. My mother came out of the kitchen… smiled.. Asked kindly. Taken aback by name Rosie… Looked anguished for a moment, didn’t know how to accommodate someone named Rosie Whispered… snake woman.. Couldn’t stand Rosie because of her caste RAJU!!’s mother very traditional. Doesn’t understand Rosie. Gives very traditionalist advice to Rosie.

110. Raju’s mother Traditional views toward women “Who has come with you?” “Girls Today.” (141) Traditional Hindu woman, denied public exposure. Prohibited and afraid to go out alone…Rosie is not. Thinks Rosie (a tainted woman) should return to her husband after she hears gossip from other women. 121

111. Raju’s Mother She enforces the idea of being subserviant in a marriage to men. “Girls today how courageous you are. “ She follows more traditional values The Wife’s resposibility to bring the husband aroud. She thinks Rosie should just fall at his feet.

112. Raju’s mother Traditional She never left the house before, her responsibilities are in the kitchen 110: these girls are doing all these brave things. Who is with you? Where is Mr. Rosie. 112: invites Rosie to well…

113. Schedule Homework for Tuesday finish book Monday: Concepts: Reversal of Fortune, Self- fulfillment – Review Ch. 8/ ch. 9 Tuesday: Silent conversations ch. 9-10 Wed.. Class for Socratic Seminar Thursday: outlining essay topics Friday: in-class essay book/outline only

114. Ch 8 Family conflict – What do we learn about family structure? New name: Nalini – What does this reveal about Rosie? – Transformed herself – She is in charge. Tells him not to beat tim

115. Agenda “Reversal of Fortune” end of ch 9 – Turning point of the character. A point at which the plot takes an unexpected turn for the protagonist – How does Raju’s fortune begin to change/ – Pay attention as you finish ch. 9

116. Activity Finish reading ch. 9 (20 min.) Two groups: Rosie- Raju How is Rosie beginning to transform? – View toward money, dancing, Marco, Raju? – Find examples. What do we learn about Raju’s character? – How does he react to Rosie’s success? – Where does his reversal of fortune begin – Remember that he is telling this to Valen. How does he depict himself and why?

117. (exam question ’06) The characters of a novel can only be individulaized if they are set in a background of particulari time and place. How important is the setting of a particular time and/or place to the development of the characters? On you homework write a brief introduction to this question based on either the character you discussed today or another.

118. Comments on Intros Get to the question right away in topic sentence What type of setting? post colonial setting… Which character will you discuss? Two points of discussion and his purpose

119. In intro… The particular setting of The Guide by R.K. Narayan is essential to the development of the characters. The setting of post-colonial India contributes to the transformation of his main character, Raju, who Points of discussion could choose one or two Traditional vs. modern society Community vs. individual desires Transformation and self-fulfillment

120. Agenda Silent conversation For tomorrow fill out seminar ticket (10 pts) Revised sentences due from paper

121. Silent conversation annotate your passage and use the guiding question to address the theme of self- fulfillment and transformation in the novel Write your key insight at bottom.

122. Switch passage with group member Read the passage and the comments made by the other person Add your comments, or add to their comments. Highlight or circle any other lines that also seem significant. Add your key insight to bottom

123. Form one group with same color 1.Discuss passage 2.2 read passage to class 3.Share key insights with class.

124. A: What is the significant theme in this passage and how does pov help reveal it ? “Forget me. Leave me to live or die, as I choose; that’s all.” Rosie taking action” Rosie is independent. Does not need Raju anymore. Raju: “She does not need him now, she never really needed him “ She could get on excellently without me” She would go from strength to strength” “Neither Marco nor I had any place in her life, which had its own sustaining vitality and which she herself had underestimated all long Themes: gender roles, power dynamics, enlightenment and nirvana, self- fulfillment.

125. B: What metaphors relate to theme in the following passage? Metaphor of plants=theme of 4 stages of Hindu Journey Irony When he wasn’t in prison he had more walls around him. More free in jail: You can find happiness in simplicity “Forget the walls and you will be happy” discovering himself identity and personal nirvana= englightenment dharma Caring for plants= personal growth and self-care- Feels free in jail-ironic Acts as guide for newcomers

126. Passage C How does pov highlight irony? Key insights? Artificial basin is ironic- Artificiality Connection to dramatic irony: he shut his eyes in order that his penance might be successful

127. The Guide as a Hindu work Spiritual asscent Viney Kirpal’s The Archetypal Four-Stage Journey according to Hindu philosophy 1.Student life (bramacharya 2.Life of the householder (garhasthya 3.Gradual withdrawl from life (vanaprastha) 4.Final ascetic surrender of the self ( sannyasa)

128. Insights A: What is the significant theme in this passage and how does pov help reveal it? Rosie’s journey to independence. Raju worries that Mani will take over his role. Rosie still wants the best for Marco and Raju. Pov is from Raju: “You see this is what I wanted you to do.” this also shows his arrogance and pride. He is self-aware. He is bitter. He knows that he is jealous of her self-reliance. This rehumanizes Raju. Snippets: “Neither Marco nor I had any place in her life” “Forget me. Leave me to live or die, as I choose; that’s all.”..Sustaining viatlaity that she understimated it all along:

129. Passage B 180-181 What metaphors relate to theme? “Forget the walls and you will be happy” Role and Fate – He believes that he can find happiness/joy – Transformation and self-fullfilment This is about his journey. – Gardens and plants symbolize his growth and transformation – Happier now-he has no wealth, content – He is still acting as guide;;helping plants grow. – He’s no longer pretending not playing a role – Guiding newcomers and prisoners

130. Key insights Passage A: -there’s a comparison of rosie to post-colonial India, modernizing yet sticking to tradition -there is a discrepancy between what Raju thinks is happening and what is actually happening (he thinks one thing—about Rosie—when in fact she’s moved on) -the moment where Rosie is transformed—from being reliant on Marco and Raju to being self-reliant and independent -3 rd line: Rosie says she’ll give him something to get him out of jail but after that she wants him to leave her alone once and for all, to be truly independent Passage B: -self fulfillment for Raju—he’s working with his hands and connecting to the land. He says he wishes he hadn’t spent all the money on buying a lawyer, and had accepted full sentence because he wouldn’t have minded taking all the years in prison

131. Key insights Passage A: RAJU!! knows that Rosie has the potential to be successful even though she under estimates herself. Tradition/Modern. Self fulfillment: Dance. “Neither marco nor I had any place in her life….” Rosie just needed someone to recognize her capability. Passage B: Find fulfillment in prison. “forget the walls and you will be happy.” Considers himself more free in prison. Uses loving diction to describe the growth of the plants.

132. Key insights 2 nd hr Passage C Ironic because Raju is becoming something that he considers deplorable. Outsiders persepective- he will do anything for attention. Many references to “holy Man He did not take notice of anyone. Not a natural holy man Reluctanly embracing? Yes, he has embraced. It.

133. Passage D Empty Vessel: !!!! People believing him is a joke. Thinking of giving up the role. “Get out No power are on earth can save you…you are doomed. “An empty vessel makes much noise” Symbol of Raju fasting. False prophet

134. Agenda Turn in revised sentences from essay Finish passage B/C from yesterday Socratic Seminar – Does Raju find redemption at the end? Homework: The Guide as a Hindu Work (10) Read..essay on theme/title does it change your opinion? Respond on bottom of ticket. Turn intomorrow

135. Socratic Seminar Opening question: ten second response: Which theme most interested you in the novel? Who is the guide in the novel? What would be another good title for the book?

136. Does Raju gain redemption at the end

137. The ending is ambiguous “Velan, it’s raining in the hills. I can feel it coming up under my feet, up my legs-” He sagged down.” Is it raining or is Raju delusional? Why does Narayan end the novel this way?

138. How do the following quotes apply to Raju’s transformation? Or not? … “Forget the walls, and you will be happy” (181). “An empty vessel makes much noise.”

139. How might these symbols add to your interpretation? Sun- 196 Holding him in the water like a baby

140. Did his experiences with Rosie help him evolve? Traditionalism vs modernism, thought Rosie was a traditional woman, but he discovered modern elements

141. Empty Vessel Empty vessel- god, empty demonstrates no connection, he makes noise through his words, but with no enforcement Tour guide- he knew nothing, but made noise He lost his self-control, controlled rosie, Velan has taken away his power, was forced to take it but did it thoroughly and intentionally What is redemption? He has changed is what counts He says nothing at the end, so it implies he is a full vessel- much different than the beginning

142. What is the relationship between Velan and Raju? Some people are born to greatness, some have it handed to them, some are ‘guided’ to it. Velan guided Raju Raju has been living with himself, but he does not know who he is until the end

143. Closing question Homework: Read the essay on theme and title and write on the back of your ticket if the essay reinforced your opinion, or persuaded you to change your original answer and why?

144. “The Reluctant Guru” – How is he transformed at the end? – Small groups will read passages and discuss their meanings for the class (character developmemt? Theme? Technique?)

145. Agenda Comments on the article? Did it change your view? Outline options for essay Tomorrow essay: book and outline allowed. Must be handwritten. Attach rubric to essay tomorrow.

146. Theme/title Bhakti: love devotion Moksha: liberation Maya: role playing Dharma: fulfilling one’s duty

147. Themes and relation to other novels? Sacrifice? – For the good of the community Self-renunciation? Forced to accept the role that others give us? Quest for spiritual fulfillment/selfhood Renintegration of individual and community

148. Irony of title Path to spiritual fulfillment requires mentoring: A guru or swami. Puns on word Guide: Misguides Tourists, Marco, Rosie, villagers Velan guides Raju to gurudom. Others are at fault for their gullibility – Narayan “gently ridicules’

149. Choose one prompt A How important is the setting of a particular time and place to the development of the characters? Choose two. B Discuss the theme of transformation and self-fulfillment in the novel C. Discuss Narayan's narrative technique of using a braided narrative. Why is it effective and how does it contribute to the novel as a whole?

150. How important is the setting of a particular time and place to the development of the characters What is the setting? – Post Colonial India – Two settings what are they? – Why are they important? – Theme? – Which characters are best representation of this theme ? – Think Juxtaposition

152. The particular setting of The Guide by R.K. Narayan is essential to the development of the characters. The setting of post-colonial India contributes to the transformation of his main character, Raju, who… And to ________who____________ – Could give examples of two of the settings and how they relate to character development – Villages Malgudi/Mangal –

153. Post-colonial India Point of comparison #1 – Characterl 1 – Character 2 Point of comparison #2 – Character 1 – Character 2 Point of Compaison #3 – Character 1 – Character 2 I Traditional value Rosie Raju II Modern Values Rosie Raju III I Rosie Modern woman Tradtional woman II Raju Marco

154. Themes The conflict between traditionalism and individualistic values. Conflict between traditional India and modern India Quest for self-fulfillment/spiritual fulfillment (dharma-duty) 1.Student life (bramacharya) 2.Life of the householder (garhasthya) 3.Gradual withdrawal from life (vanaprastha) 4.Final ascetic surrender of the self ( sannyasa) Self-deception Playing the roles that are expected of us.(maya)

155. Braided POV I 1 st person II 3 rd person

156. The Guide as a Hindu work Spiritual asscent Viney Kirpal’s The Archetypal Four-Stage Journey according to Hindu philosophy 1.Student life (bramacharya) 2.Life of the householder (garhasthya) 3.Gradual withdrawal from life (vanaprastha) 4.Final ascetic surrender of the self ( sannyasa)

157. Hindu terms Maya: role playing “The world is a stage, (lila) and people are merely playing roles.” Bhagavad Gita values moral action according to one’s dhama (duty) even above learning and acts of piety. Critic Viney Kirpal believes that although he is netiher a mystic or sage, Raju attains moksha (liberation) through good action, renunciation of the self, and a return to the life of dharma.

158. Looking at introductions for Paper 2 Practice Homework: Annotate book. Transformations and themes.

159. Groups dissect question In groups which books would work best for this with The Guide as one choice? Make an outline of answers. Keep this.

160. 3 points of comparison Point of comparison #1 – Novel 1 – Novel 2 Point of comparison #2 – Novel 1 – Novel 2 Point of Compaison #3 – Novel 1 – Novel 2

161. The characters of a novel can only be individulaized if they are set in a background of particularised time and place. How important is the setting of a particular time and/or place to the development of the characters? Refer to at least two novels or short stories.

162. Outline Lighthouse/The Guide Points of comparison Traditional vs. modern society 1 Mrs. R pre WWl/Lily post WW1 2Railway Raju in Malgudi and swami in Mangal Community vs. individual desires Mrs. R as hostess-mother/Lily Painter 1Raju: food and board/villagers 2Transformation and self-fulfillment 1 Lily becomes painter 2. Raju swami finds redemption

163. Agenda HL exam marks Discuss end of book-passages How does ending resolve issues raised in the book? Tomorrow: – Socratic seminar – Is Raju a real saint or is he fake?

164. Comments on Intros Get to the question right away. What type of setting? – The pre-colonial and post colonial setting… –.post slavery setting, – setting of an economically depressed town, Connect pov to shifting place or setting Use the word setting. The natural backdrop of the ocean setting in….

165. Novels need to be underlined. Short stories need to be put in quotes. The short story “Fog” from the collection of short stories The Turning…. Mention the characters and in which novels they appear. – Both Roseie from The Guide and Lily from To the Lighthouse represent characters who find self- fulfillment and independence due to the changes taking place in their society.

166. The Title? Discuss the different associations with the title. How does it apply to the novel and its characters?.

167. Hindu Cosmology Brahma: the creator Vishnu: the preserver Shiva: the destroyer How might this relate to the story? Maybe it doesn’t…but the idea of the trinity is interesting.

168. Thursday 1.How does Narayan achieve humor? 2.How does braided narrative reveal humor and irony in the novel? 3. How is third person pov used and to what effect? 4. How is first person pov used and to what effect?

169. Is the ending ambiguous? There is a slight shift in the way the narrator addresses Raju. Did anyone notice that? Why the Hollywood producer?

170. Does he find redemption? Why is Velan so important to the story?

171. Quick write: Title? What is ironic and/or significant about the title?

172. Hindu terms Maya: role playing “The world is a stage, (lila) and people are merely playing roles.” Bhagavad Gita values moral action according to one’s dhama (duty) even above learning and acts of piety. Critic Viney Kirpal believes that although he is netiher a mystic or sage, Raju attains moksha (liberation) through good action, renunciation of the self, and a return to the life of dharma.