1. Coriolis Effect: Deflection of moving objects/large masses due to the rotation of Earth on its axis (EX: currents & missiles) –Northern Hemisphere: RIGHT –Southern Hemisphere: LEFT Rotational speed is dependent on latitude: –Poles = slow –Equator = fast Coriolis Effect is greater near the poles & nonexistent @ the equator

4. Coriolis Effect Animation

5. Circulation Cells: Due to uneven heating from the sun (Earth’s tilt) & the Coriolis Effect, 6 large convection currents exist in the atmosphere: Hadley Cells: Tropics (0-30 O N & S latitude) Ferrel Cells: Temperate (30-60 O N & S latitude) Polar Cells: Polar (60-90 O N & S latitude) These give rise to Global Wind Patterns

6. Uneven Heating of Earth:

7. Circulation Cells (convection currents): 90 O 60 O 30 O 0O0O

8. Global Wind Patterns: Doldrums: @ 0 O latitude (equator), calm surface winds due to convergence of Hadley Cells ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone): Occurs @ the Doldrums; strong heating causes surface air to expand, become less dense, & rise into atmosphere

9. Global Wind Patterns: Trade Winds: 0-30 O N & S latitude; E  W (easterlies); constant, persistent winds; surface winds of Hadley Cells Horse Latitudes: @ 30 O N & S latitude; sinking of cold, dense air between Hadley & Ferrel Cells; calm surface winds

10. Global Wind Patterns: Westerlies: 30-60 O N & S latitudes; W  E; surface winds of Ferrel Cells Polar Easterlies: 60-90 O N & S latitudes; E  W; strong surface winds of Polar Cells

11. Southern Ocean– Polar Easterlies

15. Monsoons: Seasonal wind variations Usually wet summers & dry winters Related to heat capacity of land & water

19. Asian Summer Most intense summer monsoons occur in Asia Land heats faster/easier than water Asian continent heats during summer & winds from Indian Ocean move in bringing water vapor Vapor condenses over land creating precipitation Cherrapunji of NE India receives 10 metres (425 inches) of rain per year (most from April – October)

20. Rain, Rain, & more Rain (but only in the Summer)

21. Asian Winter Dry Winds blow from land to Indian Ocean

22. Asian Winter