1. Chapter 1 How Food Affects Life

2. The History of Food Early people ate food raw. At some point discovered cooked food taste better and learned how to control fire. People began living in groups for protection. This caused the need for hunters and gatherers. Which developed into herders and Farmers

3. The History of Food As these groups grew they formed civilizations. This caused the search for food in distant lands. By 15 th century Europe began Traveling the world for tea and spices. This in turn caused the colonization of empires. Ex. English, Spanish, and French. This all factored into the increased variety of food around the world.

4. Making Choices About Food Due to the large variety and options of food sources this requires some skill in thinking and making decisions. This Brings us to the Decision making process.

5. Making Choices about food 5 Step Process State the decision to be made. Ex. What to eat For Lunch. List your alternatives. Ex. Cafeteria, left-over's, or sandwich. Weigh the Pros & Cons of each. Make a decision and act on it. Evaluate your decision.

6. Foods Meets Physical Needs Relieves hunger. 1. Hunger is the physical need for food. 2. The hunger signal to your brain may also stimulate your appetite. 3. Appetite is the psychological desire to eat. Your appetite has a greater influence on your food choice than hunger. Any food will relieve hunger, but only certain food will satisfy your appetite.

7. Food Meets Physical Needs Improves Wellness. 1. Wellness is the state of being in overall good health. 1. Physical Health: food helps you grow, develop, and can help avoid developing special diseases. 2. Mental Health: can help you manage stress, which is mental tension caused by change. 3. Social Health: eating healthful foods can cause you to feel strong and energetic. This can help you be more outgoing as you interact with others.

8. Cultural Influence on Food Choices 1. What do you choose to eat when you are hungry? 2. Where do you usually eat? 3. Who is with you when you eat? 4. When do you eat? How does food make you feel? All these question reflect food habits which can be different for every one.

9. Cultural Influence on Food Choices Culture is the custom beliefs of a racial, religious, or social group. This can effect all the previous questions about food habits. The U.S. is made of many cultures including Native Americans, Europeans, Hispanics, Asians, and Africans. You might think of the U.S. as a tossed salad

10. Cultural Influence on Food Choices National Origin: People who colonized the Americans brought with them foods from their native culture. They typically settled together. Ex. Asian along Pacific coast and Spanish along the Southwest border. Religion: Have certain customs regarding food and how to eat them. Ex. Hindus will not use cattle for food because they are sacred to them. Muslims can only eat with their right hand. Some religions practice Fasting, which is the practice of denying oneself Food.

11. Cultural Influence on Food Choices Holidays: Celebrations are abound with food Traditions. Some foods have special symbolism. 1. Heart shaped chocolate on Valentine's day. 2. Turkey on Thanksgiving.

12. Social Influences on Food Choice For many people, preparing and eating food are social activities. 1. It brings families together at the dinner table 2. When guest visit, the host usually has some food or drink available. 3. People often transact business over lunch.

13. Social Influences on Food Choice Family 1. Has a great impact on the foods people eat and how they eat them. 2. Your lifestyle, the way you usually live, is affected by your family. 3. Today most families are dual income so family meals are decreased and are not as frequent as they use to be. 4. This causes for a bigger role in the kitchen for multiple family members.

14. Social Influences on Food Choice Friends 1. You may feel the need to eat the same things your friends eat. 2. Peer Pressure: is influence that comes from people in a persons social group. 3. Friends may also encourage you to try new things or different cooking techniques.

15. Social Influences on Food Choice Mass Media, such as TV, radio, magazines, and the internet can affect your food choices. 1. The key way is through advertising. They use a number of techniques. 1. Bandwagon: everyone is doing it. 2. Humor: prompts you to buy products with the happy feeling you get watching their humorous adds. 3. Nostalgia: buy because of their natural qualities or old fashion goodness. 4. Transfer: uses celebrities to get you to buy their products

16. Social Influences on Food Choice Testimonial Technique: Uses experts to sell product by suggesting that they use it. Another form of advertising is the use of icons. These are characters developed to help people recognize a product.

17. Social Influences on Food Choice Evaluating Information in the Media. 1. The media can inform you about findings of a food’s special health properties or if something is unsafe to eat. 2. Questions to ask. 1. Who conducted research? 2. Where were the results and research published? 3. How was the study set up? 4. Who funded the research? 5. How many people did the research study?

18. Social Influences on Food Choice Food fads and fallacies. 1. Incomplete are in accurate information through media may be behind many food fads and fallacies. 2. Fad: is a practice that is very popular for a short time. 3. Fallacies: is a mistaken belief. Many of these are related to nutrition, weight loss, and food safety issues.

19. Social Influences on Food Choice Food product trends. 1. Consumers typically demand three main qualities of what they want in food. Healthful, convenient, and great tasting.

20. Social Influences on Food Choice Health: 1. Consumers concern for health have fuelled the trend of functional foods. 2. Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond the nutritional value they contain. 1. Probiotics or prebiotics- put in foods for intestinal health 2. Antioxidants- help protect cells from damage that can result from natural body process.

21. Social Influences on Food Choice Convenience: Many consumers enjoy cooking at home. However, many do not have a lot of time to spend on food preperation. Ex. 1. Home-cooked meals in one package. 2. Meal replacement shakes and bars. 3. Foods in single serving packages.

22. Social Influences on Food Choice Great Taste: consumers are not willing to give up taste for health or convenience. 1. Food manufactures are making new and improved flavors. 2. Another trend is tropical fruit flavors. 3. The third is gourmet chocolate flavors.

23. Psychological Influence on Food Psychological has to do with how your thoughts and feelings affect your behavior. Manny of your thoughts and feelings are based on experiences you have. Odors as well as events create memories that affect memories. Psychology affects why you eat as well as what you eat.

24. Factors That Affect the Food Supply Agriculture and Environment: Agriculture is the use of knowledge and skill to tend soil, grow crops, and raise live stock. Environment refers to such factors as air, water, soil, mineral resources, plants, and animals. The interrelation among these factors ultimately affect the survival of life on earth. Regional agriculture dose not affect availability of food as much as cost is affected.

25. Government The government has a large impact on the food supply. 1. Governs the way foods are grown, processed, packaged, and labeled. 2. Polices affect the way foods are imported and exported. Two key federal agencies oversee the food supply in the US. 1. United States Department of Agriculture. The USDA enforces standards of meat, poultry, and eggs. 2. Food and Drug Administration: The FDA ensures safety and wholesomeness of all other foods.

26. Economics Basic concept of law and demand. An example is a food store in a ethnic neighborhood might carry specific items for the cliental. Consumer demands affect more than food. It can affect poverty and world hunger do to lower income societies that export products that do not necessarily help their food supply.

27. Technology Researches use the latest technologies to expand food supplies. Technology is the use of knowledge to develop improved methods of doing task. Nutrient Content. They are developing foods with less of one component and more of another. Ex. Less sugar and Low Fat foods.

28. Technology Artificial Sweeteners- basically sugar substitutes. Ex. Splenda, sweet& low, and equal. Fat replacers- These are products that can cut the amount of fat in foods. Some are based on carbohydrates and some are based on proteins.

29. Technology Availability- researchers are trying to develop ways to increase food production to meet the increased number of humans on the earth. Safety- Trying to develop foods that are less likely to spread disease. Also to keep free of harmful substances, such as chemicals used to grow and process food.