1.  Red Cabbage  Plastic Cups  Plastic Spoons  Lemon Soda  White Vinegar  Apple Juice 1 Items Needed for Lab  Clear Shampoo  Clear Conditioner  Cream of Tartar  Powdered Laundry Detergent  Quart Size Ziploc  Toothpicks

2. Chemical and Physical Properties of Matter 2

3.  Characterisitic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance.  Temperature  Ice melts at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius  Color  The apple is red  Hardness  Texture  The sandpaper is rough  Shine  Flexibility  The ruler is very flexible.  The ruler is very rigid. 3 Physical Properties

4.  Thermal conductivity – is the rate at which a substance transfer heat. Ex. Styrofoam is a poor conductor. Metal is a good conductor.  State of Matter – solid, liquid, or gas  Density – the mass per unit of volume. Ex. Lead is very dense so it is used to make an anchor. 4 Physical property examples

5.  Solubility – is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. Ex. Kool-Aid powder dissolves is water.  Ductility – is the ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire. Ex. Copper is often used to make wiring because it is ductile.  Malleability – is the ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets. Aluminum can be rolled into sheets to make foil. 5 Physical Property examples

6. 6 Physical Changes  A physical change is any change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but that does not make the substance into another substance.  Ex. A piece of silver is pounded and molded into a heart-shaped pendent. (it is still silver)  Ex. – changing from a liquid to a solid (or any phase change)  Ex. – crushing an Aluminum can.  It is still aluminum, just the shape has changed.  Ex – Sawdust – it is still wood – only in smaller pieces.

7.  A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into other substances.  To observe the chemical properties of a substance, you must change it into another substance.  Ex. When magnesium burns, it combines with oxygen in the air, forming a new substance called magnesium oxide.  Common examples: Burning, tarnishing (corrosion), rusting 7 Chemical properties

8. 8 Tarnish and Rust -exposure to air and moisture

9.  Flammability – is the ability of a substance to burn. (wood can burn, but ash and smoke cannot)  Reactivity – is the ability of two or more substances to combining and form one or more new substances.  Chemical reactions involve two main kinds of changes that you can observe – formation of new substances and changes in energy. 9 Some chemical properties

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11.  A chemical change is a change in matter that produces one or more new substances.  Example: burning of gasoline in a car’s engine. The new substance formed is the car’s exhaust.  Chemical changes occur when bonds break and new bonds form. 11 Chemical Change

12. 12 Chemical Change Sometimes a chemical change will change a physical property.

13.  A nail will bend – _ property being changed is shape  A nail will rust – _ property being changed is composition (iron is reacting with oxygen to make iron oxide - rust)  Alcohol will evaporate – _ change of state  Alcohol will burn – _change – it is not alcohol any more. 13 Physical Properties vs. Chemical Properties

14.  There will be a change in odor, color, heat will be either absorbed or released, the substance will bubble or fizz, light or sound may be given off.  Ex. Soured milk Alka-Seltzer tablets fizzing car rusting cake baking chemical reaction going on in your body 14 How do I know that a chemical change is taking place?

15.  As matter changes, it can either absorb or release energy. A change in energy occurs during a chemical reaction.  An endothermic reaction is a reaction in which energy is absorbed.  Many endothermic reactions occur when heat is constantly added. (Ex: egg frying) In other words…they need energy to keep going. 15 Changes in Energy

16.  An exothermic reaction is a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat.  After an exothermic reaction, the products have less energy than the reactants. (Ex: the burning of fuel)  The reaction between fuel and oxygen in an airplane engine releases energy, mostly in the form of heat. The expansion and movement of the gases out of the plane exerts a force that moves the plane forward. 16 Changes in Energy

17.  Physical changes are easily reversed. You can melt ice and then freeze it again.  Chemical changed are not easily reversed. When a firework explodes it would be almost impossible to put the materials back together. 17 Can physical and chemical changes be reversed?