1. The Expansion of Colonial British America, 1720–1763 Chapter 4

2. 4 | 2 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Intellectual Trends in the Eighteenth Century Impact of Newton and Locke Education in the British Colonies The Growth of Science

3. 4 | 3 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Benjamin Franklin Philadelphia Museum of Art, Art Resource

4. 4 | 4 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The First Great Awakening Religious Diversity Before the Great Awakening Early Revivals in the Middle Colonies and New England Revivalism Takes Fire The Awakening’s Impact

5. 4 | 5 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. First Great Awakening 1730’s New England Spread southward until the 1760’s A series of Protestant revivals that had the long term effect Encouraging a questioning of religious authority and political and social authority Nostalgia for more vital religion of the 1600’s

6. 4 | 6 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. First Great Awakening Preachers –Jonathan Edwards –George Whitefield –Gilbert Tennant – New Light preachers Impact of Great Awakening –Encouraged individuals to speak up for themselves, since ministers would not do it for them –Encouraged a disdain for traditional figures of authority. –Established a new sense of community and a sense of social optimism George Whitefield George Whitefield, the itinerant English evangelist, had a spellbinding effect on his listeners, as portrayed here by John Wollaston.

7. 4 | 7 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Cultural Diversity and Expansion German and Scots-Irish Immigrants The Founding of Georgia The Growth of the African American Population Native American Worlds in the Mid-Eighteenth Century

8. 4 | 8 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Wars for Empire, 1739–1765 The Southern Frontier King George’s War, 1744–1748 The Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763 The Indians Renew War in the Ohio Valley

9. 4 | 9 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The French and Indian War French and Indians in the West Colonists believed they were being surrounded and the French were trying to encircle and perhaps conquer them French believed the British were going to seize all of North America

10. 4 | 10 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Appeals for Inter-colonial Cooperation Benjamin Franklin and the Albany Conference (1754) 1755 war becomes fierce Resulting in the Seven Years’ War or, as it was known in America, the French and Indian War

11. 4 | 11 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Seven Years’ War Officially began in May, 1756 Much of the war focused on North America and to expel the French from the continent The decisive battle was at Quebec in September, 1759 but the war continued for another four years The Peace of Paris (1763) gave Britain possessions around the globe and drove France from North America

12. 4 | 12 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Seven Years’ War: Consequences Forces Americans to cooperate much more with Britain Britain had a huge war debt British troops in America Proclamation of 1763 Colonial reaction

13. 4 | 13 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The British Provinces in 1763 The Economy Politics

14. 4 | 14 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. British Political Theory and Colonial Government The English Constitution –Divides power between the Monarch, House of Lords and the House of Commons Reality – not much different, benefitted the elites Commonwealth – men –John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon – Cato’s Letters, early 1720’s

15. 4 | 15 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Realities of Colonial Government American colonies assumed their governments were modeled on England’s –Royal governor corresponded to the King –Governor’s council = House of Lords –Colonial assemblies = House of Parliament Reality, the situation was very different

16. 4 | 16 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Parliament vs Colonial Assemblies Distance England paid little attention to colonies most of the 1600’s Colonial local assemblies and the struggle for control

17. 4 | 17 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Conclusion Numerous wars both in Europe and in America contributed to the major changes in attitudes that occurred among much of the American colonial population. Finding that they were successful and self-reliant, the colonists viewed Britain’s attempts to tighten regulatory control of their new lives with irritation, and the stage seemed set for an even more direct conflict.