1. ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR CHAPTER 28, LESSON #1

2. WARTIME RELATIONSHIPS Yalta Conference: February, 1945 Allied leaders met to talk about Europe after WWII Roosevelt and Churchill feared the spread of communism Stalin feared an attack from the West Decided to divide up Germany and Berlin into 4 sections.

3. UNITED NATIONS Organization to settle disputes between countries and prevent wars (Similar to League of Nations). Idea discussed at Yalta conference. First meeting: June 26, 1945 San Francisco, California 50 nations attended to join the charter

4. SOVIET EXPANSION Soviet Union kept troops in Eastern Europe after WWII. Set up their own governments in Eastern European countries. U.S. feared soviet communism would spread around world. Established a policy of containment: “Contain” or hold back Soviets: Using military if necessary.

6. U.S. RESPONSES Truman Doctrine: US Containment Policy. US would help any country trying to fight communism. Marshall Plan: Plan to rebuild Western Europe. Designed to stop spread of communism. America gave $13 billion in aid to rebuild Europe.

7. CRISIS IN BERLIN Berlin: Capital of Germany. Deep in Soviet territory. Truman wanted Germany to unite again. 1948: Stalin feared a united Germany. Blocked off Eastern Germany and Berlin from the West. Berlin Air Lift: U.S. and Britain began flying food, fuel, and other supplies to West Berlin. 1949: Stalin ended blockade. East and West Germany officially separated Communist Eastern Germany/ Democratic Western Germany

8. THE COLD WAR DEEPENS Cold War: War without actual combat. Two sides build up their military to scare the other. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization U.S., Canada, and 10 Western European countries formed and alliance. Designed to stop the Soviet Union. 1948: Israel becomes a nation. 1949: China falls to communist leader Mao Zedong Democratic forces retreat to Taiwan US and Taiwan become allies China and Soviet Union become allies

9. THE NEW RED SCARE Americans feared a communist (Red) take-over at home from within. Gov’t began looking for communists in the country. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg: Convicted sentenced to death for being Soviet spies. McCarthyism: Senator Joseph McCarthy led hunt for communists. Accused gov’t and military employees as well as famous entertainers. People eventually saw McCarthy as a bully and fear monger.