1. People’s Republic of China 5.1

2. Homework Write down your homework: “China’s Transformation” and worksheet DUE on X= 12/10 and Y=12/9 Start China study guide? CE#2 extension X=12/10 and Y=12/11 Russia retakes by 3:30 on Thurs. 12/11

3. Student Will Be Able To Display Russia knowledge by completing the test Analyze Chinese legitimacy by discussing the CCP Analyze different regime types by participating in an activity Discuss Chinese nationalism and determine its effects on legitimacy and foreign policy Analyze economic change in China by comparing it to Russia

4. Was Napoleon correct in his prophesy? "Let China sleep. For when China wakes, it will shake the world." - Napoleon Bonaparte

5. Geography Time lapse of China

6. Maps *

9. Geography Capital: Beijing Major Cities: Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenyang, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Harbin, Chengdu China is divided into 23 provinces, five autonomous regions and four municipalities the East China Sea, Korea Bay, the Yellow Sea, and the South China Sea. the mountains to the west, the various deserts and basins in the northeast and the low lying valleys and plains in the east --- Tibetan Plateau, Himalayan Mountains and Mount Everest Climate --- tropical to cold …

10. Population Implications? 4 th largest country but has the largest population (1.3 billion plus … over 1/5 of the world’s population) ½ of the population is urban= urban issues take priority Middle class is growing = demands on government 80% of the population lives in the eastern third of the country Poverty and physical isolation of the rural ½ of the country = demands on government Homogeneous population (How is this different from Russia?) = 9 out of 10 are Han/ethnically Chinese (except for the Tibetans and Uighers/Xinjiang/Muslims, minorities are not politically important) Language is a problem = 1 written Chinese language that are completely different in the spoken language. Someone who speaks only Mandarin can not understand Cantonese (and other southern dialects) ------ Mandarin has become the language of almost all of those who are educated.

11. Agenda 1. Homework: Current Event #2 Due X 12/10 and Y 12/11 ….Start China study guide?...Russia retakes by 3:30 on Thurs. 12/11 2. Turn in “China’s Transformation” and worksheet 3. Intro to China 4. Political Change 5. Comparing regimes activity 6. Nationalism 7. Impact on foreign policy 8. Economic change 9. Russia and China economy comparison 10. Collectivized agriculture simulation 11. Finish agricultural change

12. Population 2 acres of land per person --- Problem only ¼ of the land is arable Severe water shortage (consumption and irrigation) Urban and industrial development is quickly using the available land and water 43% agriculture, 25% industrial and 32% service related

13. Current Leadership! President and Secretary General -Xi Jinping (Chief of State) Premier Li Keqiang (Premier of the State Council) – Chief Administrator the President is elected=National People's Congress-serves up to two terms/5 yrs each. The current President is Xi Jinping, who also holds the positions of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission = informally, China's paramount leader. The Premier/Prime Minister= Leader of the State Council of China =the head of government and holds the highest rank in the Civil Service-- approved by the National People's Congress upon the nomination of the President (chosen through an informal process within the Communist Party of China) – serves 5 yrs

14. Sovereignty, Authority and Power China is technically governed by a constitution that grants formal authority to both party and state executive and legislative offices. In reality, the country is still governed by authoritarian elites that are not bound by rule of law.

15. Political Change Dynastic Cycles = Rule by a family (Mandate of Heaven) ---- Chaos as a dynasty lost power and were challenged ---new Dynasty The People's Republic of China was established in 1949, and Mao led the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as the new source of power until his death in 1976 “Great Leap Forward” = 1958 Industrial and Agricultural Production (No private farming= only Collective Farms)--- rural workers forced to produce goods, mostly steel in “backyard factories” – BOY WAS THAT A FAILURE!!!What do you think happened? Millions died!!!! Famine and violence!!!! Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping go against Mao … “Cultural Revolution’ 1966 Mao recovers his popularity (Liu and Deng OUT) --- Radical youth groups (RED GUARDS) take out anyone with capitalistic ideas … Military and Government leaders publicly back Mao while secretly trying to fight his initiatives = Struggle within CCP --- Goal of the Cultural Revolution was to purge the government of those against Mao. = Some 1.5 million people were killed during the Cultural Revolution, and millions of others suffered imprisonment, seizure of property, torture or general humiliation.

16. Maoism – stressed the importance of peasantry, small scale industry and agricultural collectivism. The organizing principle was democratic centralism ; a governing principle of communist systems of government. Literally means “democracy at the center” allowing debate among party elites. After policy decisions are made, no dissent is tolerated aka few people are governing for many. Mao stressed the importance of staying connected to the peasants though a process called mass line : mass line is giving the “correct” ideas to the masses Mass line required leaders to listen to and communicate with ordinary folks, and without it, the legitimacy of the rulers was questionable.

17. Mass LIne Hu’s mass line was “creating a harmonious society.” (fusion of socialism, democracy and social harmony). All actions and programs have been made to correspond with the mass line or current version of the designated truth, because in China, there is an official truth – “Marxism- Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought – Deng Xiaoping Theory”

18. Mao led the Cultural Revolution 1966 to reassert his authority over the Chinese government.Cultural Revolution He shut down the nation's schools, calling for a massive youth mobilization to punish party leaders for their embrace of bourgeois values and lack of revolutionary spirit. The movement escalated quickly as the students formed paramilitary groups called the Red Guards and attacked and harassed members of China's elderly and intellectual population.

19. Let’s Compare What are the similarities? What are the differences. Democracy Functions of Political Parties Act as linkage institutions Pick Candidates Run campaigns Give cues to voters Articulate policies Coordinate policymaking Staff government Mobilize the public Act as loyal opposition Authoritarian Functions of Political Parties Act as linkage institutions Staff government= bureaucracy Recruit leaders Articulate policies Mobilize citizens Aggregate interests Propose policy/shape policy Political socialization Legitimacy

20. Let’s Compare Democracy Forms of Political Participation Voting Protesting Joining a party Joining an interest group Contacting a congressperson Writing a letter to the editor Running for office Assisting in a campaign Strikes/boycotts Authoritarian Forms of Political Participation Joining the party/serving as a member/ standing for office Petitioning/views on the internet Voting Protests/boycotts/strikes/rallies Civil disobedience Coup d’etat, Revolution, resistance, Forming interest groups/NGOs/citizen policy meetings (mass line)

21. Let’s Compare Democracy Market Economy Principles of supply and demand set prices for goods Profit motive provides incentive for production Is likely to result in unequal distribution of wealth Government regulates some aspects of the economy Authoritarian Command Economy Central planning Central power makes all of the major decisions Fixed or govt. set prices, distribution, production, etc. Restricted property rights State owns resources Use of production quotas/use of plans (5 year, 10 year, etc.)

22. Legitimacy Legitimacy – The CCP exercises legitimacy on behalf of the people The Constitution gives legitimacy to the CCP. The economy sustains it.

23. WCSG page 1 box 1

24. Crash Course in Chinese history

25. In your group: Assess party rule – in your opinion, should a political party be the source of power in a country? Why or why not?

26. Agenda 1. Homework: “Social Unrest Reading” and Response Due on Y=12/15 and X=12/16 … Study Guide…WCSG… 2. AP Fees are due … Current Event #3 is due Y=1/12 and X=1/13 3. Intro to China 4. Political Change 5. Comparing regimes activity 6. Nationalism 7. Impact on foreign policy 8. Economic change 9. Russia and China economy comparison 10. Collectivized agriculture simulation 11. Finish agricultural change

27. Political Culture Geographic Influences Today China has the largest population of any country on earth, and its land surface is the third largest, after Russia and Canada.

28. Geographic isolation in the western part of the country

29. The Importance of Informal Relationships Power rests on who has what connections to whom.

30. This informal network, a version of a patron-client system is not apparent to the casual outside observer. What is patron-clientelism? Patron-client system – the government hands out privileges to supporters

31. Mao and his compatriots that participated in the Long March networked with one another through guanxi – personal connections. These connections are what still hold Chinese politics together today. guanxi China recruits its leaders through nomenklatura – a system of choosing cadres from lower levels of the party hierarchy for advancement based on their loyalty and contributions to the well-being of the party.

32. Review In your group – try to remember the definition of patron-client system. Then come up with a similarity between China and Russia/USSR, with regards to their leadership and how they are chosen.

33. Review On a scrap piece of paper, see if you can define these terms WITHOUT USING NOTES! Maoism Mass Line Democratic Centralism Guanxi

35. Chinese Nationalism The 2008 Olympics were intended to showcase China's growing place in the world, and many Chinese people reacted strongly to the protests that erupted in some Western cities as the Olympic torch passed through on its way to Beijing.2008 Olympics Chinese nationalists used the internet to express their anger toward pro-Tibetan western press coverage of the unrest in Tibet.

36. Tibetans and other minority groups are seen as inferior people by some strong nationalists, and their pride in being Han Chinese (the predominate ethnic group in China) is often apparent. Another sign that Chinese nationalism is on the rise is the reaction that some have had to the global economic crisis of late 2008. As the West has suffered, Chinese nationalists saw this as an opportunity to assert their growing power.

37. At the G-20 meeting of the 20 largest national economies in April, 2009, Chinese nationalists saw significance in the fact that President Hu Jintao stood to the right of host Gordon Brown in the front center of the official photograph of the leaders gathered at the summit.

38. GDP Growth

39. Discuss with your group – 2 mins How does their growing nationalism affect legitimacy? How does it affect international relations?

40. Economic Change

41. Economic change Private ownership of property was prohibited by the constitution; property was “owned by the people” and the private property before 1949 was redistributed to the confiscated and collectivized.

42. Economic Change Deng Xiaoping Theory (became the country’s most powerful leader in 1978) - he didn't care if the policy was capitalist or socialist, as long as it improved the economy. The result of his leadership was a dramatic turnaround of the Chinese economy through a combination of socialist planning and the capitalist free market. His political and social views remained true to Communist tradition, the party should supervise all, and no allowances should be made for individual freedom and/or democracy.

43. Under Jiang Zemin’s leadership (became president of the PRC in 1993), China continued its economic reforms and remarkable economic growth. The PRC became an even more integral part of the global economy and enhanced its regional and international statures as a rising power. But they experienced unemployment, corruption and the widening gaps between the rich and the poor.

44. Hu Jintao became the CCP general secretary in 2002 and the PRC president in 2003. He has placed great emphasis on dealing with the countries socioeconomic problems, like inequalities in various regions and inadequate health services,

45. The growth of China’s economy has been called “one of the greatest socioeconomic miracles.” Overall economic growth rates have averaged over 10% per year for nearly three decades. The IMF marked 2014 as the year China overtook the US in terms of GDP (PPP). The GDP per capita in China is still significantly lower than the United States though. The private sector is the fastest growing part of China’s economy. There are tens of millions private businesses in China, ranging from street vendors to giant multinational corporations. The private sector accounts for more than 2/3 of the PRC’s total GDP, and employs more than 100 million workers.

46. Adjusted PPP 2014 GDP per capita = $3,740 China 2014 total GDP = $17.632 billion US 2014 total GDP = $17.416 billion China 2014 GDP per capita = $11,904 US 2014 GDP per capita = $53,001 2014 – China’s economy is estimated to be growing at its slowest pace in 24 years according to some analysts.

47. In 2013, the CCP announced that it would allow greater private participation in finance, vowed more market competition, and promised farmers better property protection and compensation for confiscated land.

48. The PRC says that it is currently a socialist market economy – the economy combines elements of both socialism and capitalism. The market remains subordinate to government planning and CCP leadership, which is supposed to prevent too much capitalist-like exploitation and inequality. National and local bureaucrats continue to exercise a great deal of control over the production and distributing of goods, resources, and service and the state still controls critical aspects of the economy.

49. How effective are they at their goal? Discuss 2012 Gini Index numbers (0=equal, 100=inequality)- is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measure of inequality Mexico - 52 China - 48 Iran - 45 Nigeria - 44 Russia - 42 United Kingdom - 34

50. Compare Russia and China

51. Is China's Fast-Growing Economy Headed for a Crash?

52. Agricultural Change Mao collectivized agricultural and created communes Great Leap Forward

53. Simulation Everyone needs a marker

56. Household Responsibility System – in the early 1980s, Deng dismantled the communes and decollectivezed agriculture and replaced them with this, which is still in effect today.

57. Individual families take full charge of the production and marketing of crops. After paying government taxes and contract fees, to the villages, families may consume or sell what they produce. Food production improved dramatically and villages developed both private farming and industry.

58. When agriculture was decollectivized in the early 1980s, so- called township and village enterprises sprang up everywhere in the countryside. These rural factories and businesses varied. They were owned and run by the local governments, but operated outside the state plan and made many of their own decisions.

59. They were the fastest growing sector of the Chinese economy during the 1980s and 1990s. Many were forced out of business by the 2000s, and those remaining were privatized.

60. 2 country review Economic system Legitimacy

61. WCSG page 1, 2 box 1

62. Discuss Chinese nationalism and determine its effects on legitimacy and foreign policy Analyze economic change in China by comparing it to Russia Analyze collective agriculture by participating in a simulation Identify cleavages and assess their impact on China by starting 6.2 and completing sections of the WCSG