1. Tales in Romantic Literature: Ludwig Tieck SML204, Fairy Tales in the Modern World, Week 2

2. Structure of the Lecture European and German Romanticisms German Romanticism and the Fairy Tale Ludwig Tieck

3. “romantic” “romantisch” (from early C17th in both English and German): “resembling tales of the romances” “improbable”, “fanciful” “full of wild scenery” from the French roman meaning story or tale

4. The Periodisation of Romanticism A style or sensibility, or an historical period? Romanticism versus Romanticisms Some individual periodisations: – England: 1770-1850; – Germany: 1798-1840. General European Romantic movement: 1770- 1850.

5. Key features of Romanticism Reaction against the Enlightenment and scientific method Idealised view of nature Emphasis on local identity Emphasis on the power of the human imagination and the idea of genius Emphasis on subjectivity rather than objectivity

6. Friedrich Schlegel (1772-1829) Romantic poetry: is “progressive universal poetry” will reunite “poetry with philosophy” may “soar on the wings of poetic reflection”

7. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Humans do not perceive “things in themselves” Humans perceive subjective representations (Vorstellungen) of external objects Subjectivity plays an active role in shaping our internal representations of the world

8. French Neo-Classicism Molière (1622-1673), Corneille (1606-1684), Racine (1639-1699) Unities of classical drama: taken from Aristotle (unity of action, unity of time, unity of place). Form, beauty, appropriateness, clear outlines Idea of mimesis: copying scenes from the Classical world

9. Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825): “La Mort de Socrates” (The Death of Socrates, 1787).

10. Caspar David Friedrich: “Der Mönch am Meer” (The Monk by the Sea, 1810)

11. Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress) Circa 1765-1785; “Pre-Romanticism”; Emphasis on local, rural, “authentic” German identity; Relationship between language, landscape and culture; pantheism Key figures: Johann Gottfried Herder (1744- 1803); Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832).

12. Jakob (1785-1863), and Wilhelm (1786-1859) Grimm Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children’s and Household Tales, 1812) Deutsche Grammatik (German Grammar, 1819-1837) Deutsches Wörterbuch (German Dictionary, 1854)

13. Volksmärchen and Kunstmärchen Volksmärchen: Oral tradition indeterminate time / place supernatural occurrences simple structure hero or heroine must perform a task or overcome bad circumstances. Kunstmärchen: Kunst = Art / künstlich = artificial, mediated Based upon a Volksmärchen but written by a single author (e.g., Tieck) Characterised by literary features (metaphor, etc…), more complex structure

14. Ludwig Tieck, 1773-1853 Early 1790s: studies in Göttingen; 1797: meets F. Schlegel; 1799-1800: in Jena with other key German Romantics: A.W. and F. Schlegel, Novalis, Clemens Brentano, etc…