2. Anatomy- study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology-study of how the body and its parts work or function Gross Anatomy-large structures, easily observable Microanatomy-very small structures, can only be viewed with a microscope

4. 1. Movement - self initiated change in position, motion of internal parts 2. Responsiveness - Ability to sense changes and react to them 3. Growth - increase in body size 4. Reproduction - Parents produce offspring / passing DNA to new individuals 5. Respiration - Obtaining oxygen (O 2 ), using it to release energy from food substances, and getting rid of wastes

5. 6. Digestion - Chemically changing (breaking down) food substances, and getting rid of wastes 7. Absorption - Passage of Digested products (food substances) through membranes and into body fluids 8. Circulation - Movement of substances throughout the body 9. Assimilation - Changing absorbed substances into chemically different substances 10. Excretion - Removal of wastes

7. 3 Body Planes Transverse or Horizontal-divides the body into top and bottom Mid-Sagittal or Median-divides the body into an equal left and right side Frontal or Coronal-divides the body into a front and a back side

9. 2 Main Body Cavities: Ventral (belly) which is divided into: Abdominopelvic-abdomen and pelvic regions (contains digestive and reproductive organs) Thoracic-upper torso or chest region (contains heart and lungs) Dorsal (back) which is divided into: Cranial-contains the head and includes the brain Vertebral-includes the spinal column

11. 1. Which cavity is the heart found in? 2. Which cavity contains the vertebral column? 3. Which cavity contains the ovaries? 4. Which cavity contains the lungs? 5. Which cavity contains the stomach? 6. Which cavity consists of the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavity?

12. 2 layers, covers organs outer layer = PARIETAL layer and forms a "lining“ inner layer = VISCERAL layer, covers the surface of organs 1. Pleura (or pleural membrane) - surrounds the lungs 2. Pericardium (or pericardial membrane) - surrounds the heart 3. Peritoneum (or peritoneal membrane) - surrounds organs within the abdominopelvic cavity *Between the layers of each membrane is a lubricating fluid which is called SEROUS FLUID

15. 1 2 3 4

16. Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Deep Superficial Ipsilateral Contralateral