1. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 1 Cross sector Integration, INEFFS and creativity. Kas Hemmes Chandra Elango Delft University of technology The Netherlands SECTIE ENERGIE EN INDUSTRIE

2. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft CV Kas Hemmes Physics Experimental and theoretical Materials Science Electrochemistry and Fuel Cells Energy and Industry Technology Dynamics & Sustainability Economics of Infrastructures in Department of Values & Technology Faculty Technology Policy and Management

3. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 3 ‘System thinking’ (Amory Lovins) Optimizing Not Just Parts, But Entire Systems Designers and decision-makers too often define problems narrowly, without identifying their causes or connections. This merely shifts or even multiplies problems. Systems thinking —the opposite of that dis-integrated approach—typically reveals lasting, elegantly frugal solutions with multiple benefits, which enable us to transcend ideological battles and unite all parties around shared goals. … systems thinking also reveals interconnections between problems, which often permits one solution to be leveraged to create many more.

4. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 4 Seven integration concepts 1.Integration of components into a system. 2.Integration of energy sources into Multisource Multiproduct (MSMP) energy systems. 3.Integration of industries into eco-parks. (Industrial Ecology; ‘cradle to cradle’). 4.Integration of new technology into existing technology. 1.Integration of sectors. 2.Integration of functions. 3.Integration of technology and sustainable development

5. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 5 5. Integration of sectors Widening of system boundaries ‘System thinking’ Solving more problems with one solution Examples: 4.1 Waste incineration 4.2 V2G (vehicle to grid)

6. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 6 V2G (vehicle to grid) NL: 6.000.000 cars à 50 kW = 300 GW. More than 10 x installed capacity only 10% of the cars needed or …??

7. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 7..or… all cars on 10 % of maximum power Fuel cell at 10% of maximum power is highly efficient (in principle).

8. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 8 analysis V2G (vehicle to grid) There is/are inefficiencie(s) in the present system (cars stand still) Transport sector en energy sector are integrated Overcapacity is used to approach the thermodynamic limit Batteries can supply ~1 hour of power for NL e.g. to compensate fluctuating wind energy (~ 6. 10 6 * 1 kWh = 6 GWh) Solving more problems with one solution System innovation

9. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 9 6. Integration of functions Example: Solar pannels on the roof Learn from industrial designers Use more functions of the same component Assign more functions to a component or system There are a lot of opportunities here!!

10. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 10 CONTINUED ANALYSIS AND INEFF's Analysis of V2G or plug/in Hybrids. There are inefficiencies in the present systems # Cars stand still 95% of the time. # fluctuations in (supply and) demand. # conversion (exergy) efficiency not 100% # Cars become multi functional # Plugin hybrids make sense now because of electric drive train instead of ICE.

11. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 11 CONTINUED ANALYSIS AND INEFF's Analysis of several creative energy systems yield three main INEFF's. At least one of them is essential for the possible existence of the creative idea. Next there is an enabling technology that is also essential for the existence of the creative idea. We call it ENABLER or in short an INAB

12. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 12 CONTINUED ANALYSIS AND INEFF's We can generalize inefficiencies in the system and call them INEFF´s. We found three main INEFF's: 1. Equipment, device or system not used all of the time 2. Any device or artefact used only for one function. 3. Exergy loss or a system NOT close to 100 % exergy efficiency

13. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft Example creative idea 1: solar PV cells on clothing.

14. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft Wearable Futures: flaps in this range of clothing by Dutch fashion designer Pauline van Dongen open up to reveal solar panels, enabling the wearer to become a walking mobile phone charger (+ movie). What is the INEFF? What is the ENABLER?

15. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft Creative idea 2 What is the INEFF?

16. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft How to come from problems to solutions?

17. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft Problems analysis in terms of distance to target

18. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft Results Results : Nada Zip Njente Njet Nill Zero Nop

19. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft Start from creative solutions Analyse why they can exist in the first place INEFF's and ENAB's Analyse system under study for these (three) INEFF's

20. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft Lateral thinking Lateral thinking is a term coined by Edward de Bono, a Maltese psychologist, physician, and writer. He defines it as a technique of problem solving by approaching problems indirectly at diverse angles instead of concentrating on one approach at length.

21. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 21 Conclusions Sustainable Development requires: a broader perspective and approach a different way of thinking system innovation integration in different ways and on different levels. More room for creativity, lateral thinking and ‘2 photon processes’. finally…

22. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 22 Exercise in creativity 1. How to weigh an elephant ? Book by: EDWARD DE BONO - CHILDREN SOLVE PROBLEMS Children solve problems effortlessly. Their ideas may often be impractical, but they produce them with a fluency, a zest and an irrepressible imagination that ought to be the envy of many an adult.

23. Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management Technische Universiteit Delft 23 Exercise in creativity 2. Analyse your system (clothing sector/textile industry global/local) for INEFF's (not problems) Brainstorm about solutions that tackle an INEFF. (no matter how silly, impractical or foolish) Use humor and fun. Let the creativity engines in your brain run full speed Do not analyse or think just say it... Do not stop until you have 100 ideas!!!