1. United States History Chapter 16 The New Deal (1933-1941)

2. Section 1 Forging a New Deal

3. Explain the “New Deal.” Term used to describe FDR’s relief, recovery, and reform programs designed to combat the Great Depression

4. What was accomplished in the “first hundred days” of the FDR presidency? During this period FDR pushed program after program through Congress to provide relief, create jobs, and stimulate economic recovery

5. What actions did FDR take to attempt to fix the state of American banking during the depression? FDR ordered all banks closed for a four-day banking holiday; during this time period the government would inspect the financial health of all banks [Emergency Banking Act] Those banks deemed healthy by the government were reopened (which was about two-thirds of the nation’s banks); this action helped to regain the people’s confidence in banks The government would also establish the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to insure bank deposits

6. What actions did FDR take to attempt to fix the stock market during the depression? Federal Securities Act – required companies to provide information about their finances if they offered stock for sale Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) – regulated the stock market

7. New Deal Programs Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Federal program created to put young men to work maintaining forests, beaches, and parks CCC workers earned only $30 a month, but they lived in camps free of charge and received food, medical care, and job training

8. New Deal Programs Public Works Administration (PWA) Federal program which provided jobs for public works projects, such as the building of public buildings and facilities

9. New Deal Programs Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Provided hydroelectric power, flood control, and recreational opportunities to the Tennessee River Valley and surrounding areas

10. Identify the failures of the New Deal. Some New Deal legislation was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, notably the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) Some people started to lose support for the New Deal when some of the programs failed to deliver what was promised or provide fast recovery; many would challenge that there was too much government control in the economic recovery

11. Explain the “Second New Deal.” (1935) a second wave of legislative activity launched by FDR Much of this legislation was FDR’s response to those critics who said he was not doing enough for ordinary Americans The Second New Deal included more social welfare benefits, stricter controls over business, stronger support for unions, and higher taxes on the rich

12. What was the Wagner Act. Law passed in 1935 that aided unions by legalizing collective bargaining and closed shops, and establishing the National Labor Relations Board This legislation would provide labor unions with greater rights

13. Explain the Social Security Act. Created to aid those American who could not help themselves Social Security System – established by the 1935 Social Security Act to provide financial security, in the form of regular payments, to people who cannot support themselves Retired workers or their surviving spouses Aid for dependent children, the blind, and the disabled Unemployment insurance

14. Section 2 The New Deal’s Critics

15. What was the American Liberty League? Organization founded in 1934 to oppose the New Deal They argued that the New Deal was limiting individual freedom in an unconstitutional, “un- American” manner Opponents to FDR and hid administration compared the actions of government to “communism”