1. American History Chapter 16: The New Deal
I. Forging a New Deal

2. Objectives
Explore Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt’s roles in restoring the nation’s hope.
Learn about the major New Deal programs that were created in the first hundred days, and find out about some of FDR’s key players in these programs.
Discover what caused the New Deal to falter.
Review the key goals and accomplishments of the Second New Deal
Interpret the significance of the outcome of the 1936 election.

3. Bell Ringer
Imagine that all members of your household were out of work, had no hope of finding a job, and received no government benefits.
What would you want your government to do?
What are some current government programs that are designed to help families that are out of work?
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4. A) Restoring the Nation’s Hope
Second Bonus Army – Eleanor calmed them down
FDR spoke in “fireside chats” to the people – restored hope
New Deal: referred to the relief, recovery, and reform programs of FDR’s administration

5. B) The First Hundred Days
Hundred days: Period at the start of FDR’s presidency in 1933, when many New Deal programs were passed by Congress
Bank holiday – closed down all banks – could only re-open if deemed “healthy” by the government – 2/3 were – confidence
Savings increased – loans increased – money into the economy
FDIC – insure bank deposits
Federal Securities Act – business must publish info about finances
SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission – regulate stock market
Devalued the US dollar – made things cheaper – stimulate trade – raise farm prices

6. a) Providing Relief and Creating Jobs
FERA established – Federal Emergency Relief Administration – help poor
Public works programs: government funded projects to build public facilities – create jobs
Civilian Conservation Corps: maintained forests, beaches, and parks (2.5mil)
CWA – Civil Works Administration – roads, parks, and airports (4mil)

7. b) Regulating the Economy
NIRA – National Industrial Recovery Act
NRA – National Recovery Administration created codes to spell out fair business practices
Helped labor
PWA – Public Works Administration – Grand Coulee Dam, Triborough Bridge, and Key West Highway

8. c) Assisting Homeowners and Farmers
HOLC – Home Owners Loan Corporation – refinanced loans at lower interest
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA): paid subsidies to farmers that cut production
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): provided cheap power, flood control, and recreational opportunities in a underdeveloped

9. C) Key Players in the New Deal
FDR had a “brain trust” of people that helped him
Frances Perkins – first women cabinet member – Labor
Mary McLeod Bethune – black women – National Youth Administration (jobs for people 16 – 25) - highest black position during New Deal
Eleanor Roosevelt – traveled for her husband – some thought did too much – most admired her for her political skills, humanity, and idealism

10. D) The New Deal Falters Programs did not help wide scale
Hoover – worried about increase of government power – socialism
Supreme Court declared NIRA unconstitutional – it could make laws
Also declared the AAA tax unconstitutional

11. E) A Second New Deal
Second New Deal: (Second Hundred Days): more social welfare benefits, stricter controls over business, more support for unions, higher taxes on rich
WPA (Works Progress Administration) – work for 8 mil people
Resettlement Administration and later the Farm Security Administration loaned 1 bil to farmers.
REA – Rural Electrification Administration – brought electricity to farmers
Wagner Act: legalized collective bargaining and closed shops
Closed shops: workplaces open only to union members
Social security systems: OASDI – financial security to people who cannot support themselves

12. F) The 1936 Election
FDR destroyed Republican Alfred Landon 523 – 8 in the electoral college
Showed that the people really really really supported FDR.

13. Review
How did Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt work to restore the nation’s hope?
What major New Deal programs were created in the first hundred days, and who were some of FDR’s key players in these programs?
What caused the New Deal to falter?
What were the key goals and accomplishments of the Second New Deal?
What did the outcome of the 1936 election indicate?