1. Tree Basics Basic Description: Woody plants with single stems. Consist of toots, trunk and crown

2. Roots Roots – used to anchor and support tree, take in water and nutrients, store food, and hold soil in place. 4 types of roots in a complete root system –Tap root (get water) –Deeply decending root (get water) –Lateral root (get nutrients) –Fibrous root (get nutrients)

4. Roots cont.. Roots grow in both length and diameter. Rapid cell division just behind the root cap on each root. Root hairs – absorb water and nutrients Behind the growing tip of each root

6. Trunk Supports the crown of the tree, transports sap (water and dissolved nutrients) 5 parts listed from inner to outer: –A. Heartwood – dead cells that support tree –B. Sapwood – xylem (carries water and nutrients. –C. Cambium – cell growth occurs here –D. Inner bark – phloem (take food made in leaves to rest of tree) –E. Outer bark – protects the tree from insects and disease.

8. Tree growth Trunk, branches and roots all grow in diameter by means of cell division in the cambium layer. Tree grows in length by means of rapidly dividing young cells in the terminal bud on each branch and twig.

9. Trunk cont.. Growth occurs in cambium faster in spring and slower in summer. This makes the tree have an annual growth ring. –Soil moisture is plentiful in spring (creates a wide ring) –Dry years, disease, fire, insects can cause narrow rings.

10. Crown Includes branches, twigs, buds, and leaves This is where photosynthesis takes place Leaves take in CO2 from air, water from roots and sunlight to make sugar for food. –Oxygen is a waste product given off. Excess water is given off through stomata through transpiration.

11. Growth in the crown 1. New growth of twigs increases length of branches 2. Each branch and twig grows in diameter.

12. Light Requirements Shade tolerant: grow well without sunlight (Dogwood, Maples) Moderately shade tolerant: require some direct sunlight. (Ponderosa Pine) Shade-intolerant: Need sun for atleast part of the day. (Douglas Fir)

13. The Forest Canopy Ceiling of the forest : made up of crowns of taller trees. 4 relationships: –Dominant : crown extends above general canopy level. –Codominant : crown on the general canopy. –Intermediate : crown in general canopy, little direct light from side. –Suppressed: Poorly developed crown below the canopy.