1. Poetic Structures

2. Villanelle 19 lines 5 stanzas (tercets) and 1 final quatrain 1 st line of first stanza is repeated as the last line of the 2 nd and 4 th stanzas. 3 rd line of first stanza is repeated as the last line of the 3 rd and 5 th stanzas. These 2 refrains become the last 2 lines of the poem.

3. Sonnet 14 lines (usually iambic) Italian or Shakespearean Italian = octave and sestet (abbaabba cdecde rhyme scheme) Shakespearean = ababcdcdefefgg rhyme scheme

4. Ballad Short narrative Usually arranged in 4 line stanzas with distinctive meter. Usual meter is first and third line with four stresses – iambic tetrameter, second and fourth with three stresses – iambic trimeter Tells a story (lost love, supernatural happenings, tragedy etc.)

5. http://mysongbook.de/msb/songs/b/barbal23.html

6. Elegy and Ode Elegy – a lament that mourns the dead Ode – origins in classic antiquity. Solemn, heroic, elevated form. Claimed by Romantics – no longer heroic mode.

7. Pantoum Each pantoum stanza is four lines Second and fourth lines of the first stanza become the first and third lines of the next, and so on with succeeding quatrains. abab rhyme scheme Final quatrain changes this pattern In the final quatrain the unrepeated first and third lines are used in reverse as second and fourth lines Malayan in nature – came into English from France

8. http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19544

9. Blank Verse verse sciolti do rima (verse free from rhyme) Iambic line with ten syllables and five beats – iambic pentameter It is unrhymed Traditionally associated with dramatic speech and epic poetry Lack of rhyme makes enjambment more possible and more effective Identified as poetic form closest to human speech

10. Dramatic Monologue Relates an episode in a speaker’s life through a conversational format which reveals the character of the speaker

11. Heroic Couplet Rhyming pair of lines Usually iambic pentameter or tetrameter Rhyme scheme progresses aabbcc Form used to translate epic poetry of Greek and Latin Caesura often comes after the fifth or sixth syllable

12. Pastoral Sought to imitate and celebrate the virtues of rural life Very popular in 17th and 18th centuries Broke apart early 19th century when the industrial revolution had destroyed its setting

13. Sestina 39 lines 6 stanzas of six lines each, 6 sestets followed by envoi of three lines (tercet) all unrhymed same six end words must occur in every stanza but in a changing order that follow a set pattern recurrent pattern of end word is known as lexical repetition

14. Sestina cont. each stanza must follow on the last by taking a reversed pairing of the previous lines the first line of the second stanza must pair its end words with the last line of the first. The second line of the second stanza must do this with the first line of the first and so on. The envoi tercet must gather up and deploy the six end words

15. http://www.poetryconnection.net/poets/Elizabeth_Bishop/2957www.poetryconnection.net/poets/Elizabeth_Bishop/2957

16. Narrative Poem tells a story. Told by a speaker detached from the action. Thoughts and feelings of the speaker do not enter the poem.