1. Japan at the Dawn of the 20 th Century

2. Review – Revolution in China (22.2)  Sun Yat-Sen & the Revive China Society  Henry Pu Yi – China’s last emperor  Gen. Yuan Shigai – pres. of new Chinese republic  Nationalist Party (Guomindang)  revolution & civil war lasted from 1911-1925

3. I. Japan & the West  Japan was isolated under the Tokugawa Shogunate  the U.S. was the 1 st nation to establish a trade relationship w/ Japan – 19 th c.  used military pressure to obtain the Treaty of Kanawaga  opened 2 ports to Western trade  established a U.S. consulate in Japan  the Europeans then followed the American lead re: trade  resistance!  Sat-Cho alliance (Satsuma & Choshu)  demanded a strong military response to the Western powers  attacked the shogun’s place at Kyoto (1868), bringing the shogunate system to an end

4. II. The Meiji Restoration  to resist Western pressures, Japan had to modernize  Matsuhito = the new emperor  new capital: Edo (Tokyo)  Meiji = “Enlightened Rule”  Political Changes  prefectures – controlled by the daimyo (75 total)  studied Western political systems  Ito Hirobumi  developed a constitution modeled after Imperial Germany  emperor, prime minister & cabinet ministers  2 house legislature  traditional ruling class maintained power & influence

5.  Economic Changes  distributed lands to the peasants, but also created a new land tax  industrial development  little foreign investment  key industries: silk, tea, weapons, shipbuilding, sake  a joint venture between private business & the Japanese govt.

6.  Social Changes  compulsory (required) military service  used American model of elementary & secondary schools, as well as universities  expanded opportunities for women  influence of Western culture & styles  increase in labor exploitation

7. III. Japan – A Rising Imperialist Power  if Japan were to compete on the world stage, it needed to become a colonial power  4 justifications for imperialism?  see map, p. 702  expansion into Korea, Taiwan & part of China  Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)  surprise Japanese attack on Russian base at Port Arthur  the Japanese navy defeated the Russian navy off the coast of Japan  MAJOR embarrassment for Russia  U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt negotiated the treaty to end the war – and won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize  1907 – “Gentleman’s Agreement” w/ Japan temporarily ended Japanese immigration to the U.S.