1. How Much Oil?

2. In the United States, plastics are not made from crude oil They are manufactured from petroleum products, which include liquid petroleum gases (LPG) and natural gas liquids (NGL), and natural gas LPG are by-products of petroleum refining and natural gas processing, and NGL are removed from natural gas before it enters transmission pipelines

3. In 2010, 191 million barrels of LPG and NGL were used in the United States to make plastic products in the plastic materials and resins industry, which was equal to about 2.7% of total U.S. petroleum consumption Of those 191 million barrels, 190 million barrels were used as feedstock and 1 million barrels were consumed as fuel to manufacture these products

4. In addition to petroleum products and natural gas, about 65 billion kilo watt hours of electricity were used to manufacture plastics in 2010, equal to about 1.7% of total U.S. electricity consumption

5. Refineries in US There were 142 operable petroleum refineries in the United States as of January 1, 2014 The "newest" refinery in the United States began operating in 2008 in Douglas, Wyoming with an initial capacity of 3,000 barrels per calendar day (bbl/cd) As of January 1, 2014, the facility has 3,800 bbl/cd of capacity

6. A petroleum oil refinery is production facility that converts crude oil into high-octane motor fuel (gasoline/petrol), diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), jet aircraft fuel, kerosene, heating fuel oils, lubricating oils, asphalt and petroleum coke Texas City Refinery

7. Port Arthur

8. What is the difference between crude oil, petroleum products, and petroleum? Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists as a liquid in natural underground reservoirs and remains a liquid when brought to the surface Petroleum products are produced from the processing of crude oil and other liquids at petroleum refineries Petroleum is a broad category that includes both crude oil and petroleum products The terms oil and petroleum are sometimes used interchangeably

10. Diesel and Gas Refineries in the United States produced an average of about 12 gallons of diesel fuel and 19 gallons of gasoline from one barrel (42 gallons) of crude oil in 2013

12. Diesel Relatively dense and oily, some people to call it diesel oil Composed of a blend of different types of hydrocarbons, including paraffins, naphthenes, olefins, and aromatics Different types of diesel fuel have different blend ratios, depending on what the fuel will be used for, the temperature of the area in which it will be used, and regional governmental regulations

13. One of the main components addressed by governments is sulfur, which can lead to very harmful emissions when the fuel is used In modern times, much of the diesel sold in the US and is Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD), which has most of the sulfur removed

14. Uses Diesel for private vehicles, public transportation vehicles, and 18 wheelers and large delivery trucks Many off road vehicles, boats. Its efficiency makes it popular for use in farm and military vehicles Diesel is used to power machinery

16. Diesel fuel is about 18% heavier than gasoline and consists mainly of hydrocarbons that range from C10 to C24 Gasoline, is usually in the C7 to C11 range. The higher the number of carbon atoms, the heavier the product Due to number of carbon amounts, diesel often solidifies when it gets cold, while gasoline is basically unaffected by colder temperatures

17. Gasoline Gasoline is a volatile, flammable liquid obtained from the refinement of petroleum, or crude oil Originally discarded as a byproduct of kerosene production, but its ability to vaporize at low temperatures made it a useful fuel for many machines

18. Gasoline was not invented, its a natural by-product of the petroleum industry, kerosene Gasoline is produced by distillation, the separating of the volatile, more valuable fractions of crude petroleum What was invented were the numerous processes and agents needed to improve the quality of gasoline making it a better commodity

19. In petroleum refining, cracking is a process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat, pressure, and sometimes catalysts

22. Why are diesel fuel prices higher than gasoline prices? The main reasons why diesel fuel prices have been higher than regular gasoline prices in recent years are: Demand for diesel fuel and other distillate fuel oils have been relatively high, especially in Europe, China, India, and the United States. The transition to less polluting, lower-sulfur diesel fuels in the United States affected diesel fuel production and distribution costs The federal excise tax for on-highway diesel fuel of 24.4 cents/gallon is 6 cents per gallon higher than the gasoline tax

25. How much carbon dioxide is produced by burning gasoline and diesel fuel? About 19.64 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced from burning a gallon of gasoline that does not contain ethanol About 22.38 pounds of CO2 are produced by burning a gallon of diesel fuel

26. EIA estimates that U.S. gasoline and diesel fuel consumption for transportation in 2014 resulted in the emission of about 1.75 million metric tons and 444 million metric tons of CO2, respectively, for a total of 1,519 million metric tons of CO2 This total was equivalent to 83% of total CO2 emissions by the U.S. transportation sector and equivalent to 28% of total U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions in 2014

27. What is causing the ocean's acidification? Ocean waters are reacting with environmental gasses, oceans absorb half of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere The upper level or layer of the ocean or seawater (water) absorbs CO2, forming Carbonic acid. (H2CO3) Chemical equation is H2O + CO2 = H2CO3 Reaction increases hydrogen ions in the water, and reduces carbonate ions Reaction also leads to a reduction of the pH by about 0.1 units