1. Early Modern Global Interactions 1450 CE- 1750 CE

2. Summary Starting with Prince Henry, Europeans are going to travel the world & be in everybody’s business. This is going to make them incredibly wealthy & build them huge empires. Along with this, comes disease, slavery, & horrible conditions for Native Americans. There are also huge land empires from the Ottomans & Russians over to the Chinese. The Columbian Exchange is arguably the most important thing ever. THE AP LOVE IT. They ask about it all the time. Count on a question about the COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE.

3. Geography

4. Key Concept 4.1: Globalizing Networks of Communication & Exchange Global exploration changes EVERYTHING. Trade, empire, migration, diets, disease… This is the first time we have dealt with a connected planet.

5. Key Concept 4.1: Globalizing Networks of Communication & Exchange The Mariners Columbus Voyages across the Atlantic intiated the Spanish Colonization of the New World. Zhenghe Commaned expeditionary voyages to SE Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, & East Africa. Prince Henry (“The Navigator”) Regarded as the main initiator of the Age of Discoveries. Da Gama First European to reach India by sea, opening the way for an age of global imperialism.

6. Key Concept 4.1: Globalizing Networks of Communication & Exchange Technology that Made it Possible Astrolabe Maps Wind Patterns Caravels – Small, highly maneuverable sailing ship (Portuguese) – Developed to explore along the West African Coast & into the Atlantic Ocean

7. Key Concept 4.1: Globalizing Networks of Communication & Exchange Global Circulation of Goods Facilitated by royal chartered European monopoly companies Took silver from Spanish colonies in the Americas to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets Regional markets continued to flourish in Afro- Eurasia

8. Key Concept 4.1: Globalizing Networks of Communication & Exchange New connections between the Eastern & Western hemispheres resulted in the COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

9. Key Concept 4.1: Globalizing Networks of Communication & Exchange Global Circulation of Goods European merchants’ role was to transport goods from one Asian country to another. Joint stock companies competed against each other for global trade. Mercantilism- government control of foreign trade insures the military safety of the country, favorable balance of trade required Atlantic System= Africa -> Americas -> Europe -> Africa Middle Passage (Africa -> Americas)= Slave Trade Columbian Exchange From New World- Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, cacao From Old World- Livestock, disease, sugar, grains

10. Key Concept 4.1: Globalizing Networks of Communication & Exchange Impact of Interaction- On Religion Islam spread to Afro-Eurasia By 1500 CE the rift in Islam is politically solidified by the conflict b/t Sunni Ottomans & Shia Safavids Christianity spread around the world As it spread it diversified Reformation = Protestant & Catholic Buddhism continued to spread to SE & E Asia Syncretic & new forms of religion Vodun (Caribbean) Cult of Saints (South America) Sikhism (South Asia

11. Key Concept 4.1: Globalizing Networks of Communication & Exchange Literacy expanded by popular authors Shakespeare (Europe) Cervantes (Europe) Sundiata (Mali) Journey to the West (Japan) Kabuki (Japan) Impact of PROFITS Innovations in Visual & Performing Arts Renaissance (Europe) Miniatures (Persia) Wood Block Printing (Japan) Codices (Latin America)

12. Key Concept 4.2: New Forms of Social Organization & Modes of Production The global demand for raw materials & finished goods expanded requiring corresponding increases in peasant labor & production.

13. Key Concept 4.2: New Forms of Social Organization & Modes of Production Peasant Labor Increased Frontiermen (fur traders) set out to settle Siberia, Russia British exports of cotton textiles to Europe increased Chinese silk production increased Coerced Labor The biggest change in labor history (to this point) is the transatlantic slave trade Cash crops grown on plantations led to huge increase in slavery & production of raw materials

14. Key Concept 4.2: New Forms of Social Organization & Modes of Production Range of Coerced Labor used in the European Colonies Spanish use of Inca Mita – Spanish system of subjugation of Inca – System of labor for the greater good – In reality, the crown used labor to mine silver

15. Key Concept 4.2: New Forms of Social Organization & Modes of Production Range of Coerced Labor used in the European Colonies Ecomienda/Hacienda System – In theory, Spanish colonial system where the Spaniard would receive labor from locals in return for teaching them Spanish & Catholicism

16. Key Concept 4.2: New Forms of Social Organization & Modes of Production Range of Coerced Labor used in the European Colonies Indentured Servitude – Temporary labor that is used to pay off a debt incurred by the servant until the debt is paid

17. Key Concept 4.2: New Forms of Social Organization & Modes of Production Range of Coerced Labor used in the European Colonies Chattel Slavery – People are personal property to be bought & sold – The original form of slavery

18. Key Concept 4.2: New Forms of Social Organization & Modes of Production New Grew from widening global economic opportunities & imperial conquests Manchus in China Spanish Creoles Entrepreneur Existing Had to deal with growing power of absolute monarchies Mughal Zamindars Euro Nobility Daimyo Japan New Hierarchies- Elites

19. Key Concept 4.2: New Forms of Social Organization & Modes of Production Gender European men depended on SE Asian Women (The traditional merchants of the region) Family Smaller family size in Europe New Hierarchies- Gender & Family Roles

20. Key Concept 4.2: New Forms of Social Organization & Modes of Production Mestizo = European + Native American Mulatto = European + African American Creole = Spaniard + Americans New Hierarchies- Racial

21. Key Concept 4.3: State Consolidation & Imperial Expansion This focuses on one thing… POWER

22. Key Concept 4.3: State Consolidation & Imperial Expansion Maintaining Power The people in charge used many different ways to maintain that power: Arts Architecture, Court literature Religion Divine Right (Euro), Human Sacrifice Treatment of Subjects Ottoman Dhimmi, Manchus in China Bureaucracy Ottoman Devshirme Chinese Civil Service Exam

23. Key Concept 4.3: State Consolidation & Imperial Expansion Land Empires Manchus Mughals Ottomans Russians Maritime Empires Portuguese Spanish French British Who Has the Power?

24. Key Concept 4.3: State Consolidation & Imperial Expansion Competing for POWER For Trade Routes Ottomans v. Europeans Piracy (Caribbean) State Rivalries 30 Years War (Europe) Ottomans v. Safavid (Middle East) Local Resistance Peasant Uprisings (Europe) Samurari Revolts (Japan)