1. Natural Resources Any energy source, organism, or substance found in nature that people use. All four systems provide natural resources.

2. Renewable Resources A natural resource that can be replaced in nature at about the same rate it is used. 1.Sunlight 2.Wind 3.Water 4.Trees and other Plants (These are getting close to becoming non-renewable) 5.Animal Waste

3. Nonrenewable Resources A natural resource that exists in a fixed amount or that is used up faster than it can be replaced in nature. 1.Coal 2.Oil 3.Natural gas 4.Uranium 5.Minerals and rocks

4. Fossil Fuels A nonrenewable energy source formed from ancient plants and animals buried in Earth’s crust for millions of years. 1.Coal 2.Oil 3.Natural Gas

5. Pro’s and Con’s to Coal Burns hot Will easily produce electricity Fairly cheep to get Byproducts pollute air and water Surface mining can destroy landscapes Nonrenewable (once it is used up it is gone)

6. Pro’s and Con’s of Oil Easy to transport Used to make gasoline, jet fuel, and Diesel fuel Burns at very high temperatures If there are spills they can cost millions of dollars to clean up and kill plants and animals Burning releases waste products that combine with sunlight to create smog. Nonrenewable (once used up it is gone)

7. Pro’s and Con’s of Natural Gas (Methane) Easy to transport Finding more reserves as technology gets better At the moment US harvests enough for our own needs Burns at high temperatures Cleanest burning Fossil Fuel Nonrenewable (once it is used up it is gone)

8. Fossil Fuel Emissions Levels -Pounds per Billion Btu of Energy Input PollutantNatural GasOilCoal Carbon Dioxide117,000164,000208,000 Carbon Monoxide4033208 Nitrogen Oxides92448457 Sulfur Dioxide11,1222,591 Particulates7842,744 Mercury0.0000.0070.016

9. How fast are we using our Nonrenewable Resources Coal Production Coal Consumption Oil Natural Gas Production Natural Gas Consumption Uranium

10. Pro’s and Con’s of Nuclear Energy No air pollution Very efficient – Splitting one atom of uranium releases 20 million times more energy than burning one molecule of natural gas. Nuclear waste stays radioactive for thousands of years Need to find a place to store nuclear waste Take the risk of a reactor melting down

11. When will we run out of our Nonrenewable Resources Coal – We have enough coal to last us between 119 and 249 years. – If we continue to use it at the rate we currently do it will last 249. – If the rate of use increases as the EIA predicts it will less then 110. Oil – Numbers very because we do not truly know how much oil there is under foreign nations. Natural Gas – We only have enough natural gas to last us about 100 years if we continue to use it at the rate we currently use it. Uranium – The uranium that is harvestable is enough to last thousands of years.

12. How is Energy used in the US and Michigan

13. Where do you use energy and how to conserve

14. Pro’s and Con’s of Solar Energy Photovoltaic cells (solar panels) – Made of semiconductor material – Sunlight hits the cell it knocks electrons loose from their atoms – Electrons flow through the cell to generate electricity Very expensive to install – To power an whole house it will cost you between $25,000 and $35,000 Typically last between 20 to 30 years To totally power your home you need to live somewhere sunny Greenhouse gasses released in the production Renewable No waste production

15. Pro’s and Con’s of Solar Energy Solar thermal power plants – Concentrate the sun’s energy as a heat source – Heat is used to boil water – Create steam – Spin the turbine – Power the generator Non-polluting Renewable Operating costs are low High efficiency Intermittent Expensive Need a lot of space

16. Pro’s and Con’s of Solar Energy Passive solar heating – Allows sunlight to enter through windows and stores heat in a thermal mass incorporated into floors and walls – Needs to be between 7-12% of house’s floor area – Thermal mass stores energy during the day to release again a night Brick, masonry, tile, concrete, stone, or water Initial cost is low Good for remote areas If done wrong home can get too hot and too cold at night

17. Pro’s and Con’s to Hydroelectric Power Must have moving water near by Dam’s block the rivers natural flow flooding land and destroying wildlife habitats Expensive to build Once built very cheap to operate Clean – No pollution Dams in US generate enough electricity to save 500 million barrels of oil a year. Hoover Dam generates more than 4 billion kilowatt hours in a year, capable of serving 1.3 million people

18. Pro’s and Con’s to Geothermal Energy Uses the Earth’s heat to create electricity US provide electricity for nearly 3.5 million homes Very clean and renewable Limited to areas where hot water is close to the surface

19. Wind Energy Clean – No pollution Renewable Cheap to run once it is set up Expensive to set up Need a strong steady wind Not good in all places Need a lot of space Interferes with bird and bat migration Noisy

20. How do Wind Turbines Work Wind spins the blades of the windmill (wind turbine) These are connected to a drive shaft that turns an electric generator to produce electricity

21. Biomass Renewable Cheap to run after it is set up Expensive to set up Pollutes