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3.  Is used when referring to an URTI & is self- limited & caused by a virus (viral rhinituis).  nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore throat & general malaise characterize it.  Cold are highly contagious because virus is shed for about two days befot the symptoms appear. 3

4.  The 6 viruses known to produce S&S of viral rhinitis are rhiniuvirus, parainfluenza virus, corona virus, resp. virus influenza, adenovirus. Each one have multiple strain.(e.g 100 strains of rhinivirus, which account of 50% of al colds. 4

5.  S&S  Nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal itching, tearing watery eyes, scratchy or sore throat, general malaise.  Low grade fever, chills, headache, muscle aches.  In some people it exacerbates to herpes simplex.  Symptom last 1-2 wk.s. 5

6.  Consist of symptomatic therapy, no specific treatment.  Adequate fluid intake.  Rest, increase intake of vitamin C, use expectorant.  Warm salt water gargles  NSAID as aspirin, ibuprofen relieves the aches, pain, & fever. 6

7.  Some research suggests Zink lozenges, may decrease duration of cold symptoms if taken within 1st 24 hr.s of onset.  Antibiotic should not be used.  NSG Manegement ◦ Teach pt. how to break the chain of infection, hand washing (most effective). ◦ Teach method to treat symptom & prevent measure. 7

8.  The sinuses, mucus lined cavities filled with air that drain normally into the nose, are involved in a high proportion of URTI.  If opening to nasal are clear, the infection resolve promptly.  Some individual are more prone to sinusitis because of their occupation as paint. 8

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10.  Patghophysiolopgy:  Acute sinusitis is an infection of the Para nasal sinuses.  It frequently developa as aresult of an URTI.  Nasal congestion caused by inflammation, odema, transudation of fluid, lead to obstraction of the sinus cavity.This provide an excellent modium for bacterial growth.. 10

11.  Bacterial organism account for 60% of acute sinusitis as streptococcus pneumonia, hemophilus influenza, moraxella catarrbalis.  Dental infection associated with acute sinusitis 11

12.  S&S Facial pain, nasal obstruction, fatigue, purulent nasal discharge, fever, headache, facial ear pain & fullness, dental pain, cough, decrease sense pf smell, sore throat, eyelid edema. 12

13.  History & physical examination.  Tenderness over the infected sinus area.transilluminated (decrease transmission of air).  Sinus x-ray. (Fluid level, mucosal thikining).  Computed tomograghy scanning is most effective DX tool. 13

14. Complication:  If not treated lead to meningitis brain abscess, ischemic infarction, osteomyelitis, sever orbital cellulites. RX.  Goal to treat infection, shrink the nasal mucosa & relieve pain.  Antimicrobial, first line…amoxicillin, erythromycin, bactrim…. 14

15.  Mucolytic agent, decease nasal congestion.  Antihistamine  If pt. continues to have symptom 7-10 days, the sinuses may need to be irrigated & hospital may be required. NSG Management  Teach method to promot drasinage as inhaling system, increase fluid intake, local heat. 15