1. Section 1-Polling QuestionSection 1-Polling QuestionSection 1-Polling QuestionSection 1-Polling Question A. A B. B C. C How do you think the president should be chosen? A.By the current system with an electoral college B.By the popular vote of the people C.By the Congress

2. Chapter 11 The Jackson Era (1824-1845) Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy

3. Chapter Time Line

5. Essential QuestionEssential QuestionEssential QuestionEssential Question H o w d i d p o l i t i c a l b e l i e f s a n d e v e n t s s h a p e A n d r e w J a c k s o n ’ s p r e s i d e n c y ?

6. James Monroe Leaves Office From 1816 and 1824, the US had only one political party The Republicans James Monroe refused to run for a third term Four candidates from the party ran for president The candidates views different and they represented different regions

7. Political Change *Jacksonian Democracy- Andrew Jackson appealed to the new man in America- the rugged, hard-working, self-made man. A man of common roots who resented the wealthy northeasterner *Western states and territories began to relax voting qualifications and requirements, expanded suffrage (the right to vote) and involvement in politics, and even began nominating conventions- where common people could run and had a say in who ran for office *Small farmers, frontier settlers, slave holders, laborers, and “western-minded” folks- The Democratic Party was born when Jacksonian’s combined with southerners

8. *Election of 1828- rematch with Republican John Q. Adams *John C. Calhoun of South Carolina- Jackson’s Vice President +Mudslinging- attacks on a person’s character and background- Jackson and Adams already had hard feelings between them over the “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824---Jackson believed that his wife died from all of the verbal attacks +Spoils System- rewarding friends and supporters with Government jobs +Kitchen Cabinet- Jackson’s advisors who frequently met in the White House kitchen--including Secretary of State Martin Van Buren *Jackson believed in a strong executive branch of Government- he increased the power and duty of the President

9. Copy the following on the first 8- 10 lines of NBP 42. What is Jacksonian democracy? 43. How did Jackson use the spoils system to change the government?

10. Copy the following on NBP (Allow three lines for each item.) 1. Who were the candidates in the 1824 presidential election and their supporters? 2. What was the outcome of the 1824 election? 3. What happened as a result of the 1824 election? 4. What was the outcome of the 1828 election? 5. How did expanding democracy bring Andrew Jackson to power? 6. What personal qualities made Andrew Jackson a popular candidate and leader? 7. What were the characteristics of Jacksonian democracy?

11. Lesson 12.1 – Jacksonian Democracy Today we will analyze Jacksonian democracy and the expansion of voting rights.

12. Vocabulary spoils – loot taken in war by the winning side corrupt – dishonest, crooked political party – organization committed to helping the candidates it supports to win elections

13. Check for Understanding What are we going to do today? What does this mean: “To the victor belong the spoils?” What kind of things might cause people to describe a politician as corrupt?

14. What We Already Know Disagreements between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson led to the formation of political parties, despite Washington’s warning against them.

15. What We Already Know After the War of 1812, the country settled into a period of political unity known as the ‘Era of Good Feelings.’

16. What We Already Know One of America’s heroes from the War of 1812 was Andrew Jackson, who scored a dramatic victory over the British at New Orleans.

17. The Election of 1824 By 1824, there was only one political party, but the country had developed into three distinct regions. These regional differences played a major role in the 1824 election. Four candidates from New England, the South and the West split the Democratic-Republican party.

18. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams was New England’s choice. The South backed Secretary of the Treasury William Crawford of Georgia. Westerners supported Speaker of the House Henry Clay,... and Andrew Jackson, the hero of New Orleans.

19. A. A B. B C. C D. D Section 1Section 1Section 1Section 1 Who won the Republican Party nomination in the presidential election of 1824? A.William Crawford B.Andrew Jackson C.Henry Clay D.John Quincy Adams

20. The Election of 1824 Jackson received the largest number of popular votes majority But, no one received a majority of the electoral vote plurality Jackson won a plurality selects According to the 12 th Amendment, when no candidate receives a majority of electoral voted, the House of Reps selects the president

21. The election of 1824 had an unusual outcome. Jackson won the most popular votes, but no one received a majority of electoral votes. As in 1800, the House of Representatives would have to choose the president from the top three vote getters.

22. Henry Clay affected the outcome of the vote in the House of Representatives. As Speaker of the House, he threw his support to Adams, who went on to be chosen by the House of Representatives. As president, Adams later named Clay to become his secretary of state.

23. Adams appointment of Clay was very significant. Washington’s Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson, who later became president. Jefferson’s Secretary of State was James Madison, who became the next president. Madison’s Secretary of State was James Monroe, who became the next president. Monroe’s Secretary of State was John Quincy Adams, who became the next president.

24. It appeared to many that Clay had supported Adams during the House vote in exchange for his appointment as Secretary of State. According to the historical trend, Clay’s appointment would set him up to become president after Adams left office.

25. Jackson’s supporters reacted angrily to Clay’s appointment. They claimed that Adams and Clay made a “corrupt bargain” to make Adams president. In fact, such a bargain was unlikely because Adams was a very honest man.

26. Jackson believed that he represented the ‘common people,’ while Adams represented only the wealthy elite. He felt the election had been stolen from him, and that the will of the people had been ignored.

27. The election of 1824 changed the Democratic-Republican Party. The accusations of a ‘corrupt bargain’ caused the party to split between the supporters of Jackson and of Adams.

28. Check for Understanding The Democratic-Republican party was split into two parties by the supporters of Jackson and of Adams. A ask B: What happened as a result of the 1824 election? Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

29. During the 1828 election, two political parties emerged. Supporters of Adams formed the National Republican party and Jackson’s supporters created the Democratic party.

30. The election of 1828 was a bitter campaign filled with vicious personal attacks. Newspapers published articles that accused both sides of immoral activities.

31. Jackson’s supporters made several accusations against President Adams. They claimed he had delivered an American girl to the Czar while serving as Minister to Russia. Adams was also accused of using public funds to buy gambling devices for the White House; it turned out that these were a chess set and a pool table.

32. The Adams campaign accused Rachel Jackson of bigamy. Rachel Jackson had an unhappy first marriage and the state legislature gave her husband permission to sue for divorce. Believing she was divorced, Rachel married Andrew Jackson in 1791. When the mistake became known to them, the Jacksons remarried in 1794, but the embarrassing and hurtful gossip persisted.

33. Many voters saw Jackson as the candidate of the common man. Jackson crusaded against control of the government by the wealthy. He promised to look out for the interests of common people. He also promoted the concept of majority rule. Jackson crusaded against control of the government by the wealthy. He promised to look out for the interests of common people. He also promoted the concept of majority rule.

34. The goal of Jacksonian democracy is to spread political power to all the people, to guarantee majority rule. These ideas became known as Jacksonian democracy.

35. “Old Hickory” Like many of his supporters, Jackson was born in a log cabin He was a war hero His troops called him “Old Hickory” because he was as tough as a hickory stick Many felt that Jackson’s rise from a log cabin to the White House demonstrated the American success story

36. A. A B. B C. C D. D Section 1Section 1Section 1Section 1 Who could vote in the presidential elections of the 1820s? A.Females B.African Americans C.White males D.Native Americans

37. Get ready!

38. Electoral Changes caucus Jackson’s supporters abandoned the unpopular caucus (Candidates chosen by Congress) Nominating conventions replaced them Delegates from the states chose the party’s presidential candidate This allowed many people to participate in selecting candidates

39. The Tariff Debate tariff A high tariff on European manufactured goods pleased Northeastern factory owners By making European goods more expensive, more American made goods would be sold Southerners hated it because tariffs meant higher prices nullify John C. Calhoun argued that a state had the right to nullify (cancel) a federal law if it was considered to be against state interests Daniel Webster (North) disagreed, claiming that nullification would destroy the Union

40. A. A B. B C. C D. D Section 1Section 1Section 1Section 1 How would Northeastern factory owners react to a high tariff? A.They would be upset and oppose high tariffs. B.They would decrease production of goods. C.They would be very pleased. D.They would consume more European products.

41. Nullification Jackson spoke to Calhoun- “Our federal Union… must be preserved” Calhoun responded- “The Union- next to our liberty, most dear” Calhoun meant that the Union must take second place to a state’s liberty to overrule the Constitution if its interests were threatened 1832- Congress lowered the tariff, but the protests from the South continued

42. 1. What is Jacksonian democracy? A. Government by the people B. Limited government with a strong president C. Democracy in social, economic, and political life D. Support for the farmer and the worker E. More political power for the wealthy and well- educated A. Government by the people B. Limited government with a strong president C. Democracy in social, economic, and political life D. Support for the farmer and the worker E. More political power for the wealthy and well- educated Choose the description that is NOT true!

43. By 1828, political power had begun to shift. States began to allow men who were not property owners or taxpayers to vote. This easing of voting restrictions increased the number of voters. Voting was still limited to adult white males. States began to allow men who were not property owners or taxpayers to vote. This easing of voting restrictions increased the number of voters. Voting was still limited to adult white males.

44. In 1828, the expansion of voting rights led to a stunning victory for Jackson, who won the presidency in a landslide election.

45. Jackson’s election was hailed as a victory for common people. Large numbers of Western farmers and Eastern city workers had supported Jackson. Their votes put an end to the idea that the government should be controlled by an educated, elite upper class. Large numbers of Western farmers and Eastern city workers had supported Jackson. Their votes put an end to the idea that the government should be controlled by an educated, elite upper class.

46. Jackson won partly because of his reputation as the hero of the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812. Jackson won the presidency for several reasons.

47. Also, he was very popular among common people, who were gaining the right to vote in more and more states.

48. Check for Understanding B ask A: How did expanding democracy bring Andrew Jackson to power? Expanding democracy brought Andrew Jackson to power because he was very popular among common people, who were gaining the right to vote in more and more states. Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

49. Andrew Jackson’s background was different from previous presidents. Jackson wasn’t from a rich family from Massachusetts or Virginia. He was from a poor family and was orphaned early in life. He had earned great wealth as a successful lawyer and land speculator. He was the first president who was a true war hero and he was the first president from the West.

50. Jackson was a popular candidate and leader because he was... not from a wealthy family, but was born poor. a self-made man. a Westerner, not a Virginian. a military hero. Check for Understanding A ask B: What personal qualities made Andrew Jackson a popular candidate and leader? Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

51. Jackson suffered deep personal loss as a result of the election. Shortly after he won, Rachel died of a heart attack and was buried on Christmas Eve. Jackson believed that the campaign attacks on her reputation had killed her. Shortly after he won, Rachel died of a heart attack and was buried on Christmas Eve. Jackson believed that the campaign attacks on her reputation had killed her.

52. Jackson’s election brought reforms in the government. Jackson introduced a practice that came to be known as the spoils system.

53. He replaced many former government officials with his supporters, to reward them for helping him get elected.

54. Jackson’s opponents called the practice corrupt, but he defended his use of this ‘spoils system.’

55. Jackson defended his use of this ‘spoils system.’ He believed that doing this broke up one party’s hold on government. He also felt that common, ordinary Americans were quite capable of performing most government jobs. He believed that doing this broke up one party’s hold on government. He also felt that common, ordinary Americans were quite capable of performing most government jobs.

56. Although Jackson believed in Thomas Jefferson’s ideas about democracy, his election brought about several changes.

57. Get your Paper ready for a quiz!

58. John C. Calhoun believed that states had a right to nullify acts of the federal government. A. True B. False

59. Presidential candidates who receive the backing of their home states rather than that of the national party are called A. home state candidates. B. national party candidates. C. favorite son candidates. D. state party candidates.

60. Andrew Jackson's supporters replaced caucuses with A. selection meetings. B. state conventions. C. delegate conventions. D. nominating conventions.

61. The only Americans allowed to vote in 1824 and 1828 were A. African Americans. B. white men. C. white women. D. all of the above.

62. What law allowed the president to use the United States military to enforce acts of Congress? A. Military Act B. Presidential Act C. Congressional Bill D. Force Bill

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65. 2. How did Jackson use the spoils system to change the government? A. He gave government jobs to factory workers in the cities. B. He forced the National Bank’s managers to resign. C. He gave government jobs to his political supporters. D. He made sure government jobs went to the people best suited for them. E. He filled his cabinet with former political enemies. A. He gave government jobs to factory workers in the cities. B. He forced the National Bank’s managers to resign. C. He gave government jobs to his political supporters. D. He made sure government jobs went to the people best suited for them. E. He filled his cabinet with former political enemies.