1. Coaches Workshop 2014 Entomolog y Patty Sherman- presenter

2. What must the team do for this event? They will be expected to - identify adult and selected immature insects from photos or actual specimens - name the order and family - answer questions regarding their -economic or health impact examples: honey bees or bedbugs -structure and function of internal and external anatomy -ecology -behavior -history - use or formulate a dichotomous key such as: a. Insect has 1 pair of wings - YES, Order Diptera (flies, mosquitoes) b. Insect has 2 pair of wings - YES, go to Question #2

3. What may they bring to the tournament? Teams are allowed to bring one 8.5” x 11” sheet of paper. It may contain information on both sides. They may also bring one commercially published resource. Student may tab the resource (limit to 3 words per tab). To view some specimens they may also bring a hand lens or magnifying glass.

4. How to prepare. Choose your own style, but here are a few suggestions. To get started, get the Audubon book and have the team tab it. By doing this they start getting used to the Orders and are exposed to the many families they must learn as they write out the names for the tabs. Have them make up flashcards One possibility is to have them put the Order name on one side and put a photo of an example on the other. Just putting together these cards is giving them more time with the material so that they are more comfortable with spellings and what the insect looks like. (a sample page is included on this CD) Once they are good with the orders have them continue with families.

5. More Preparation Having them make a study book helps them prepare even though they cannot take the entire book with them into the event. The study book helps them organize their thoughts and set guidelines so they realize how much they have to complete before the regionals.

6. Some things they should put in their book. Rules and Lists and Taxonomy  Kingdom – Animalia  Phylum – Arthopoda  Subphylum – Mandibulata  Superclass - Hexapoda  Class – Insecta First thing is to put a copy of the rules in the book. Second, put a copy of the National List in the book - clean copy. Have a separate copy or two or three to make notes on. One copy with notes may be the sheet of paper they take into the competition. Make sure they know the taxonomy for insects. I have seen this simple question asked and missed by 90% of the teams.

7. Required Orders Copy this list and have it handy. It is less cumbersome to look at if you forget the name of an Order but know the insect. A. Protura (proturans)P. Mallophaga (chewing lice) B. Collembola (springtails) Q. Anoplura (sucking lice) C. Diplura (diplurans)R. Thysanoptera (thrips) D. Thysanura (silverfish)S. Hemiptera (true bugs) E. Ephemeroptera (mayflies)T. Homoptera(aphids,cicadas,hoppers F. Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)U. Megaloptera (dobsonflies) G. Blattodea (cockroaches)V. Neuroptera (lacewings, antlions) H. Mantodea (mantids)W. Coleoptera (beetles) I. Isoptera (termites)X. Strepsiptera (Twisted-Wing Parasite) J. Grylloblattodea (Ice Insect)Y. Mecoptera (scorpionflies) K Dermaptera (earwigs)Z. Siphonaptera (fleas) L. Plecoptera (stoneflies)AA. Diptera (flies) M. Orthoptera(crickets,grasshoppers,katydids)BB. Trichoptera (caddisflies) N. Phasmatodea (walking sticks)CC. Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) O. Psocoptera (booklice and barklice)DD. Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps)

8. Larvae or Nymph Forms Odanata - dragonfly and damsel fly Antlions (doodlebug) Adult forms There are at least 8 other insects larvae they need to know. They should do the same for each one.

9. General Body Structure of an Insect All insects have 3 body segments head, thorax and abdomen Three pair of segmented legs Usually have 1 or 2 pair of wings attached to the thorax One pair of antennae External skeleton Eyes - compound and simple Mouthparts

10. Eyes Compound eyes enable insects to see all around themselves. Some insects compound eyes may contain as many as 25,000 or more ommatidia cells Cells in the eye that contain pigment can also detect colors. There are other types of eye cells (ocelli) in certain insects that are simple eyes. They may be in addition to the compound eyes. Butterflies even have visual receptor cells near their reproductive organs that help in mating.

11. Mouthparts

12. Antennae

13. Insect Wings Apterygota - a subclass of insects that are basically wingless Pterygota - a subclass of insects that have wings. It is divided into two superorders: Endopterygota- wings develop inside the body of immature insects. These insects go through complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa, and adult). Wings don’t appear until the adult emerges from the pupa. They include butterflies, flies, fleas, bees, ants and beetles Exopterygota - young resemble the adults, but have externally developing wings. They go through a nymph stage and move to adult stage through a molting stage. They include termites, locusts, thrips, lice and stick insects.

14. Complete Metamorphosis Egg Larva Pupa Adult Homometabolous - Complete metamorphosis

15. Incomplete Metamorphosis Hemimetabolous - Incomplete Metamorphosis Insects go through egg, nymph and adult stages where the nymph stage(s) resembles the adult form. Nymphs have wingpads (developing wings) that get larger with each molt. (exception - mayflies)

16. Internal Anatomy

17. How are Insects helpful? Help control populations of harmful insects. Bees provide honey and along with other insects aid in pollination of crops. All fruits and most vegetable crops depend entirely on insect pollinators. Silkworms provide fabric. Some insects are a food source. Insects breakdown and help get rid of animal waste which is basically recycling essential nutrients and elements. Are creatures of beauty, and inspire art. Are essential components of ecological systems. It takes about 3000 cocoons to Make a pound of silk

18. How are Insects Pests? Damage crops Destroy food and household items Parasites Bite and Sting Prey on domestic animals Destroy trees, wood, paper. Spread disease

19. Diseases Transmitted by Insects Mosquitoes Malaria Dengue fever Rift Valley Fever West Nile Virus Yellow Fever Filarial Worms Fleas Plague Lice Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Typhus Fly Sleeping sickness

20. Sample Questions On the answer sheet record: 1. Order 2. Family 3. Type of metamorphosis 4. Economic/health impact if any On the answer sheet record: 1. Order 2. Family 3. Type of metamorphosis 4. Mouthparts

21. Sample Questions On the answer sheet record: 1. Order 2. Trophic level 3. Type of metamorphosis 4. Economic/health impact if any On the answer sheet record: 1. Order 2. Family 3. O n what do the larvae feed? 4. Economic/health impact if any

22. Sample Questions Set up a dichotomous key to identify each of the insects shown above A. B. C. D.

23. Dichotomous Key Answer (1 possible) 1. a. Insect has 2 wings go to Question 2 b. Insect has 4 wings go to Question 3. 2.a. Insect has compound eyes. It is a Diptera ( C. tachinid fly). b. Insect does not have compound eyes. It is Strepsiptera (D. twisted wing parasite) 3. a. Insect has mouthparts adapted to piercing prey. It is Hemiptera (A. assassin bug). b. Insect has mouthparts adapted only for sucking. It is Lepidoptera (B. Io moth). A. B. C. D.

24. Twisted Winged Parasite Eyes The males are one of the few insects without compound eyes. These blackberry-like eyes are capable of producing one image. The eyes are not made of ommatidia cells but a few dozen eyelets working together.

25. Camouflage and Mimicry Walking Stick Caterpillar - “changes costume” as it matures.

26. Camouflage and Mimicry If you appear to be a “relative” they leave you alone. Many moths have similar markings. Some leaf insects look just like the leaf.

27. Beware of something so pretty. Praying mantis mimicking the flower to entrap an unsuspecting butterfly.

28. Resources http://www.insectidentification.org/winged-insect-key.asp http://animals.pawnation.com/different-eyes-insects-8545.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_mouthparts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_wing http://www.backyardnature.net/insmouth.htm http://bugguide.net/node/view/15740http://bugguide.net/node/view/15740 - kid friendly site http://www.insectidentification.org/insect-key.asphttp://www.insectidentification.org/insect-key.asp - good dichotomous key for practice. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/insects.html http://www.pestworld.org/pest-guide/termites/drywood-termites/ http://ento.psu.edu/public/insect-images