1. Cold War Hot Spots Berlin 1948: Berlin, Germany: Located deep in East Germany: controlled by Soviet Union Half of Berlin is free: controlled by US, Gr. Britain, and France USSR: wants to control all of it: sets up a blockade US and NATO respond with airlift: Berlin (1/2) stays free

2. Cold War Hot Spots

3. Cold War: Hot Spots USSR 1960: US spy plane called a U2 is shot down and pilot Gary Powers is captured US claims the plane is not spying but gathering data for weather Soviets place pilot on trial and sentence him to 10 years Powers (pilot) is released 2 years later US looks like the bad guys

4. Cold War Hot Spots

5. Cold War: Hot Spots Berlin 1961: Soviet Premier (leader) Nikita Khrushchev wants all of western nations out of Berlin: forces a treaty with East Germany kicking out all NATO nations from West Berlin New US President John F. Kennedy must decide to stay or go: he stays The Soviets build a large wall cutting off the Eastern half of the city

6. Cold War Hot Spots

7. Cold War: Hot Spots Cuba 1962: in the late 1950’s Cuba is taken control by communist leader Fidel Castro: US attempts to overthrow Cuba by forcing the Bay of Pigs: – Failed attempt by Cuban immigrants to take back Cuba, secretly trained and funded by US Gov’t – complete disaster

8. Cold War Hot Spots

9. Cold War: Hot Spots Cuba USSR attempts to build missile sites on Cuban soil: those missiles are aimed at the US President Kennedy must stop this without direct conflict: very tense time US blockades all waters around Cuba USSR backs down at last minute and removes the missile sites in exchange for removal of US missiles in Turkey Brinkmanship: pushing a situation to the edge of war

10. Cold War Hot Spots

12. Cold War: Hot Spots China 1948: US backed nationalist China under the control of Chaing Kai-Shek/ opposition in China led by communist leader Mao Tse-tung Mao wins: US feels an alliance between communist China and USSR is now in place

13. Cold War Hot Spots

14. Cold War: Hot Spots Korea 1950: Korea is split in two halves along the 38 th parallel: North – communist, South – democratic North Korea (communist) attacks South: US responds with troops and aid because of containment policy: led by Gen. MacArthur South and US force North back – dispute between MacArthur and President Truman leads to the firing of MacArthur North Korea has help from China: US fears nuclear war with China and negotiates a peace: Korea split along 38 th Parallel

15. Cold War Hot Spots

16. Cold War: Hot Spots Vietnam 1961 – 1973: Communist led by Ho Chi Minh take control of North – look to expand in the South: US President Kennedy sends small force of “advisors” JFK is assassinated and Lyndon B. Johnson becomes President LBJ commits over 100,000 troops to Vietnam People of US oppose the war – especially college students and minorities After LBJ: Richard Nixon b/c prez and begins vietnamization: the gradual withdrawal of US troops

17. Cold War Hot Spots

18. Cold War: Effects Cold War starts in 1945 and lasts until the collapse of Soviet Union in 1989 US citizens fear communism and its effects – Russians are portrayed as the ultimate enemy

19. Cold War: Effects Competition between the US and Soviet Union present in all forms: Arms Race: the build up or collection of nuclear weapons Space Race: the race of technology and space travel – USSR – develops first satellite termed sputnik, puts the first man in space – US – creates NASA to work solely on space travel Neil Armstrong b/c 1 st man on the moon (1969)

20. Cold War: Effects Competition: World Sports The Olympics b/c forum of physical “bragging rights” – USSR upsets US Basketball team at 1972 Summer Olympics – 1980 – US upsets the Soviets in Hockey – 1980 – US boycotts Olympic games in Moscow – 1984 – USSR boycotts games held in L.A.

21. Cold War: Effects Cold War Fears 1950s: Soviets develop nuclear weapons b/c of espionage: Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethyl Rosenberg are convicted of espionage (spying) Fear of American communists is high – Senator Joseph McCarthy plays into this fear with Senate Hearings: House Unamerican Activities Committee: Witch hunts on suspected communists in US

22. Cold War: The End Soviet Union is falling apart inside: can’t keep up with spending: too much $ on weapons President Ronald Reagan (1980-1988) terms the USSR as the “evil” empire Challenges Soviet leader Gorbachev: “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall”: – 1989 Berlin Wall falls – by 1991 no more Soviet Union