1. Both Stylistic Device & Rhetorical Device
Anaphora
Both Stylistic Device & Rhetorical Device
Meaning: Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more clauses or sentences in a row.
Purpose: Helps make the writer’s point more coherent; highlight the argument by drawing attention; creates an emotional effect on audience; memorable; creates melody and rhythm.
Example: Lou Gehrig’s speech: Identify the anaphora. What purpose(s) does the anaphora serve in his speech?

2. Antithesis Rhetorical Device
Meaning: A balancing of two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, in a parallel structure (it’s a more specific form of juxtaposition) Purpose: to create a balance between opposite qualities and lend a greater insight into the subject Examples: “[We] shall support any friend, oppose any foe.” JFK “My only love sprung from my only hate.” William Shakespeare

3. Antimetabole Stylistic & Rhetorical
Meaning: identical or near repetition of words in one phrase or clause in reverse order in the next phrase or clause. X Y Y X Purpose: to sharpen contrast Examples: “All for one and one for all” Three Musketeers “I meant what I said and I said what I meant.” Horton Hears a Who “East and West do not mistrust each other because we are armed; we’re armed because we mistrust each other.” Ronald Reagan

4. Zeugma Stylistic & Rhetorical
Meaning: a figure of speech in which the same word is applied to two others in different senses Purpose: often to be humorous and usually ironic Examples: "You are free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit." Star Trek: The Next Generation "Kill the boys and the luggage!“ William Shakespeare The professor leaned on his lectern and his stale jokes.