1. Animal Responses and Behaviors for Survival

2. Video: Adapting to Changes in Nature Concepts in Nature: Adapting to Changes in Nature Name______ What is the big change must animals prepare for everyday? What are some ways that birds adapt to change? What is another change that animals have to prepare for? What is dormant? How do animals prepare for hibernation? What are some animals that migrate? What are some other ways that animals prepare for winter? What are things that affect habitats? What is an animal adapts well to changes? What happens to an animal that cannot adapt to change? Why are adaptations happening more often today? What are some examples of animals that are changing due to humans?

3. Internal Stimuli - Cues that ensure animal survival

4. 1. Hunger – food is needed for energy to survive 2. Thirst - water is needed since animal bodies are mostly made of water 3. Sleep - required to restore the body’s ability to function

5. Physical Responses to Environmental Changes

6. Endothermic (Warm Blooded) animals like birds and mammals maintain a constant body temperature and don’t change with the temperature of the environment

7. When the temperature is cold endothermic animals can shiver. Shivering- The body increases the rate at which energy is transformed into heat

8. When the temperature is hot endothermic animals can sweat, pant, change position, and change location. Sweating and panting generate heat loss through evaporating water.

9. Shedding – Cold weather- form a thick coat of fur or feathers to insulate their bodies – Hot weather- animals will shed this extra covering

10. Changing position and location allow the animal to find a cooler environment in the shade or shelter.

11. These animals must eat more often since it takes energy to maintain a constant body temperature

12. Ectothermic (Cold Blooded) animals like fish, amphibians, and reptiles - change with the temperature of environment) They must gain heat to perform internal activities (ex. Digestion)

13. In the cold, ectothermic animals become slow and sluggish. Animals must bask in the sun or move to a warmer area

14. If the temperature is hot, animals will need to move to a cooler area or burrow in the ground

15. These animals don’t have to use food energy to keep warm, so they don’t have to eat as often.

16. Seasonal & Storms 1.Blinking - Protects the eye from injury from foreign objects 2.Gathering & Storing food – squirrels, mice, beavers 3.Storing nutrition in the form of fat – penguins, walruses, bears, ants, chipmunks overeat and reduce activity 4.Food gathering https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LH1p1XO qfsghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LH1p1XO qfsg endo/ectothermic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO8eqQr zeJ0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO8eqQr zeJ0 endo/ectothermic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0fIMW4 6XFw

17. Ectothermic Adaptions Activity Homework: Finish Activity Animal Instincts video

18. Behavior in Animals An activity or action which helps an organism survive in response to a change in the environment

19. Learned Behaviors Animal behaviors that result from direct observations or experiences

20. 1. Imprinting Newborn animals recognize and follow the first moving object that they see. Usually this is the mother. Imprinting behavior cannot be reversed.

21. 2. Conditioning Trial-and-error learning Animals learn that a particular stimulus and its response will lead to a good or bad results Chimpanzees use sticks to dig for insects

22. Inherited Behaviors (Instincts) Behaviors that are passed from the parent to the offspring. These behaviors are with the animal from birth.

23. Examples of Inherited Behaviors Snail digs a hole to lay its eggs. A bird builds a special kind of nest. A fiddler crab waves its claw to attract a female. Whales and fish swim. Babies crying when hungry or sleepy.

24. Animal Behavioral Responses to Environmental Stimuli

25. 1. Hibernation State of reduced body activity to conserve food stored in the body for part or all the winter. The animal’s body temperature drops, its heartbeat and breathing slow down, and it uses very little energy. Ex.-ants, snakes, black bears, beavers, ground squirrels

26. 2. Migration The movement of animals from one place to another in response to seasonal changes following the same route each year to find food. The cycle is controlled by changes in the amount of daylight and the weather. Examples of animals- butterflies, orcas, caribou, ducks

27. 3. Courtship Process where adults of a species try to attract a potential mate. Seasonal changes will stimulate courtship Courtship attractants are sensory cues such as chemical odors, sounds, or colors

28. 4. Defenses Camouflage – some change in response to weather (artic fox, snowshoe hare) or to blend into environment (chameleon, lizard)

29. Smells - Offensive odor in response to fear (Skunk) Stingers – used for protection when threatened (bees, wasps)

30. Ejection – Octopus gives off black ink cloud or horned lizard shoots blood out of its eyes allowing it to escape. Mimicry – A weaker animal copies a stronger animal’s characteristics to warn off predators. (King snake has colors of coral snake, Moths have markings the look like eyes, Flower flies resemble wasps that have a powerful sting)

31. Grouping - Certain animals travel together in groups to protect individuals within the group – herds (buffalo, zebra, cattle), packs (wolves), schools of fish

32. Homework: Patterns of Behavior & Why Do Animals Behave as They Do?

33. Inherited or Learned Traits Write an I (Inherited) or L (Learned) in each box to identify type of behavior

34. Animal Responses and Behaviors Book