1. The Scientific Process Resource: http://www.slideshare.net/cpelfrey/basic-variables-ppt

2. Steps of the Scientific Process Problem/Question Hypothesis Experimental Design/Procedure Data & Observations Analysis Conclusion Communicate Results

3. Hypothesis 1)Refers to the problem/question 2)Must be testable 3)Stated in the “If… then… because” format 4)Expresses a cause and effect relationship between the variables 5)“If manipulated variable….., then responding variable…. because scientific explanation…..” What do you expect to happen in your experiment?

4. Hypothesis Practice Problem Problem: What effect does smiling have on a teacher giving homework? EXAMPLE: If a student smiles every day, then the teacher will give less homework, because the teacher will want to reward the student for having a good attitude.

5. Hypothesis Hypothesis: ________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ ____________________

6. Variables Variables: Any factor that can change in a scientific investigation or experiment Manipulated variable (MV) – Independent variable Responding variable (RV) – Dependent variable

7. Manipulated Variable A condition or factor that is intentionally manipulated or changed by the scientist in the experiment. There can only be one manipulated variable. Problem: What effect does smiling have on teacher giving homework? Manipulated Variable: _______________________ __________________________________________

8. Manipulated Variable Whether the student smiles or not

9. Responding Variable Conditions or factors that will change as a result of the manipulated variable. The factors that are measured or observed. These factors are recorded as data. Problem: What effect does smiling have on teacher giving homework? Responding variable: _________________________ __________________________________________

10. Responding Variable The amount of homework the teacher gives Whether the teacher gives homework or not.

11. Controlled Variables The conditions or factors that are kept the same in an experiment. Problem: What effect does smiling have on teacher giving homework? Controlled variable: What would have to stay the same to get good results for this experiment? ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

12. Possible Controlled Variables Student comes to school every day Same class Same teacher Time of class Type of smile