1. C.C.C.P Caribbean Coaching Certification Program

2. MODULE 9 Sport NOT NOT Drugs Drugs

3. Main units Unit 1 What is doping in sport Unit 2 Anti doping: what to expect Unit 3Reducing recreational drug use Unit 4Preventing Drug Use in Sport Unit 5Drug Use Intervention

4. Unit 1 Prohibited and Illegal substances

5. Doping in Sport This module addresses the issues of the use of banned substances and methods in sport – such as tampering with urine samples- known as doping This module addresses the issues of the use of banned substances and methods in sport – such as tampering with urine samples- known as doping There are two different drug problems in sport There are two different drug problems in sport The use of performance enhancing drugs The use of performance enhancing drugs The use of recreational drugs The use of recreational drugs

6. What is doping in sport? Doping is the deliberate or accidental use by an athlete of banned substances or methods of enhancing performance. Doping is the deliberate or accidental use by an athlete of banned substances or methods of enhancing performance. A substance may include a performance enhancing drug or a dietary supplement A substance may include a performance enhancing drug or a dietary supplement Can be a drug used to mask another drug Can be a drug used to mask another drug A method such as taking your own blood, and storing it for future replacement A method such as taking your own blood, and storing it for future replacement

7. Performance enhancing drugs Drug use dates back to ancient times Drug use dates back to ancient times Drug use not confined to elite athletes Drug use not confined to elite athletes Increased use by the youth in sport Increased use by the youth in sport This is cheating and runs contrary to the Fair Play principle of sport This is cheating and runs contrary to the Fair Play principle of sport The term doping covers the use of both banned substances and the practice of blood doping The term doping covers the use of both banned substances and the practice of blood doping

8. Coach Responsibility Take a strong stance in anti-doping Take a strong stance in anti-doping Demonstrate a clear and unequivocal attitude toward rejecting prohibited substances and methods Demonstrate a clear and unequivocal attitude toward rejecting prohibited substances and methods Play an important part in educating your athletes about the health risks involved as well as the consequences of drug use Play an important part in educating your athletes about the health risks involved as well as the consequences of drug use

9. Coach Responsibility Remember you are a role model and mentor to youth Remember you are a role model and mentor to youth You have an opportunity to inform and to set standards You have an opportunity to inform and to set standards You represent the Fair Play principle and moral development of the youth You represent the Fair Play principle and moral development of the youth

10. WADA / RADO The World Anti Doping Agency and the Caribbean Regional Anti Doping Organization and sport federations around the world have prohibited the use of drugs in sport because it gives athletes an unfair advantage and destroys the joy of fair competition. The World Anti Doping Agency and the Caribbean Regional Anti Doping Organization and sport federations around the world have prohibited the use of drugs in sport because it gives athletes an unfair advantage and destroys the joy of fair competition. Use of prohibited substances can also put the athletes’ health at risk Use of prohibited substances can also put the athletes’ health at risk

11. Types of Drugs in Sports Most common substances and methods Steroids Anabolic substances Growth hormones Blood boosting Protein supplements Vitamins, Beta blockers Diuretics Stimulants Marijuana and alcohol

12. Generally Doping substances fall into these categories Drugs that assist in building bulk and speed the recovery of the body from intense work…steroids and human growth hormone Drugs that stimulate the body to produce more red blood cells Drugs that boos energy output and reduce the feeling of fatigue…stimulants Drugs that calm and slow the heart rate…useful in sports such as archery

13. The prohibited list The WADA publishes a list of prohibited substances each year The WADA publishes a list of prohibited substances each year The list is constantly changing as new substances are developed The list is constantly changing as new substances are developed Important for team doctors and athletes to consult the up to date list Important for team doctors and athletes to consult the up to date list The current prohibited list is always available on the WADA website The current prohibited list is always available on the WADA website

14. Are all substances illegal? Not all performance enhancing substances are illegal Not all performance enhancing substances are illegal Some are legitimate medications used to treat illnesses, but can enhance sport performance Some are legitimate medications used to treat illnesses, but can enhance sport performance Therefore they have ben banned from use Therefore they have ben banned from use Many cold medications fall into this category Many cold medications fall into this category

15. Illegal substances… Cocaine is an illegal drug Cocaine is an illegal drug Trafficking and possession draw severe penalties in most countries Trafficking and possession draw severe penalties in most countries The distribution of anabolic steroids also a punishable offence The distribution of anabolic steroids also a punishable offence The rules for the use of drugs in sport are based on the idea of strict liability The rules for the use of drugs in sport are based on the idea of strict liability

16. Strict liability Strict liability means that the athlete is TOTALLY responsible for prohibited substances found in his or her body…including drugs that have been taken accidentally Strict liability means that the athlete is TOTALLY responsible for prohibited substances found in his or her body…including drugs that have been taken accidentally This includes painkillers and cold remedies This includes painkillers and cold remedies It is therefore very important for the athlete to check with a team doctor before taking anything to treat an illness It is therefore very important for the athlete to check with a team doctor before taking anything to treat an illness

17. What does accidental use mean? Some medications contain banned drugs The athlete develops a cold and takes a prescription medication from a doctor The athlete is tested The athlete is held to be responsible for what is found in the athlete Athletes need to work closely with their National Federation to stay current on what is legal and what is not legal

18. Therapeutic Use Exemptions Some athletes have legitimate medical reasons for using drugs Some athletes have legitimate medical reasons for using drugs Sometimes the only medical treatment is to use a prohibited substance Sometimes the only medical treatment is to use a prohibited substance For health reasons the athlete can seek permission to use a banned drug For health reasons the athlete can seek permission to use a banned drug It is permitted to compete while using a drug on the prohibited list It is permitted to compete while using a drug on the prohibited list The athlete must then apply for a TUE The athlete must then apply for a TUE

19. Therapeutic Use Exemptions National athletes should check with their National federation to find out the process for obtaining a TUE National athletes should check with their National federation to find out the process for obtaining a TUE For most sports, elite athletes should check the relevant rules of their International federation and submit the TUE form directly to them For most sports, elite athletes should check the relevant rules of their International federation and submit the TUE form directly to them

20. Who is most at risk? Research shows that males between the ages of 11 and 30 who take part in a sport where muscular appearance, strength and ruggedness are important are most at risk Research shows that males between the ages of 11 and 30 who take part in a sport where muscular appearance, strength and ruggedness are important are most at risk Adolescents planning to go n to higher level competition are also at risk Adolescents planning to go n to higher level competition are also at risk Doping has been shown to be increasing among male and female elite and non elite athletes Doping has been shown to be increasing among male and female elite and non elite athletes

21. Why do athletes choose to use Drugs Overwhelmed by pressure…to win…etc Athletes see drugs as a shortcut to the top To heighten / improve performance To look better To help relax / relieve stress To stimulate or provide more energy They believe others are using drugs They believe they can get away with it They do not believe it is wrong

22. Signs of drug use How do we know when an athlete is using drugs? What are the warning signs? How do we know when an athlete is using drugs? What are the warning signs? It is not always easy to spot an athlete using a prohibited substance, and each substance has its own symptoms It is not always easy to spot an athlete using a prohibited substance, and each substance has its own symptoms

23. Anabolic steroids Rapid weight gain Yellow cast to skin…liver dysfunction Facial swelling Severe acne on upper back, shoulders, Increased appetite Mood changes, irritability, aggressiveness Excessive confidence Abnormal chest development, breast enlargement in males, reduced tissue in females Masculinization in females

24. Stimulants Weight loss / weight gain Loss of appetite Aggressiveness Excessive self confidence Longer recovery time Over training Tremors Mood changes Sleep disorders Exaggerated sense of well being

25. Growth Hormone Mainly used to build lean muscle mass Rapid growth Thickening of the skin Fatigue Mood changes

26. Erythropoietin (EPO) Athletes extract their own blood, store it while the body produces more, and then reintroduce the stored blood back into their body Erythropoietin is a drug that can increase the number of blood cells produced by the body There are no outward signs that can be observed by the coach

27. What is at stake? The integrity of the sport is threatened by the disregard for the Fair Play principle The integrity of the sport is threatened by the disregard for the Fair Play principle The health of the athlete is at risk…( there are examples of athletes who have died as a result of the use of stimulants during competition The health of the athlete is at risk…( there are examples of athletes who have died as a result of the use of stimulants during competition

28. Unit 2 Anti Doping-what to expect?

29. Preventative Measures The sport community is taking aggressive steps to prevent, detect and punish drug cheats The sport community is taking aggressive steps to prevent, detect and punish drug cheats Education of athletes and coaches Education of athletes and coaches In competition drug testing In competition drug testing Out of competition drug testing Out of competition drug testing

30. Preventative Steps Education…routinely undertaken by WADA Education…routinely undertaken by WADA In competition testing…Athletes can expect to be tested for the use of prohibited substances…medal winners and randomly In competition testing…Athletes can expect to be tested for the use of prohibited substances…medal winners and randomly Out of competition testing…athletes are required to keep their NF informed of their whereabouts for unannounced testing Out of competition testing…athletes are required to keep their NF informed of their whereabouts for unannounced testing

31. Drug Testing If you are working with athletes who will be competing at levels where they will likely be tested, it is important that you understand the drug testing procedures, as well as your role as the coach in supporting the athlete through this process. Be sure you know the regulations of your governing body and what substances and methods are on the banned list. You must also understand the athlete’s rights and responsibilities…..UK sport, 1998.

32. TESTING Almost all testing done by urine sample Testing checks for chemicals produced by the body as it breaks down the drug Traces can be detected many months after use Tests can take place in competition and out of competition Testing is usually done by IF, WADA, etc

33. The athlete’s responsibility To be available for testing as necessary, to report to the control area, and to provide samples as requested To be available for testing as necessary, to report to the control area, and to provide samples as requested To check the ID and authorization of the Doping Control Officer To check the ID and authorization of the Doping Control Officer To carry all documentation required including TUE forms, official ID and any supplements and drugs being used To carry all documentation required including TUE forms, official ID and any supplements and drugs being used

34. The athlete’s responsibility Ensure they are the only person handling the samples and sample containers Ensure they are the only person handling the samples and sample containers They note in writing the time of the sample collection and any irregularities or concerns they may have They note in writing the time of the sample collection and any irregularities or concerns they may have Further responsibilities are indicated on page 129. The testing process is outlined on page 130 - 131 Further responsibilities are indicated on page 129. The testing process is outlined on page 130 - 131

35. The coach’s responsibilities To make sure that athletes know what to expect by way of doping control To make sure that athletes know what to expect by way of doping control To educate athletes about prohibited substances and methods and the risks associated with taking over the counter drugs To educate athletes about prohibited substances and methods and the risks associated with taking over the counter drugs To make it clear the use of prohibited substances will not be tolerated, and they will not coach individuals who cheat To make it clear the use of prohibited substances will not be tolerated, and they will not coach individuals who cheat

36. Unit 3 Reducing Recreational drug in sport

37. Reducing recreational drug use Drug use is a problem inside and outside of sport, and some teams have a history of recreational drug use Drug use is a problem inside and outside of sport, and some teams have a history of recreational drug use The coach has a role to play in reducing this damaging behaviour The coach has a role to play in reducing this damaging behaviour Drug use reduces sport performance Drug use reduces sport performance Drug use impacts the health of athletes Drug use impacts the health of athletes Creates legal problems for the coach, team and sport Creates legal problems for the coach, team and sport

38. What are the effects? Drugs have a lasting effect on the brain and the body- diminished health Drugs have a lasting effect on the brain and the body- diminished health They compromise physical abilities They compromise physical abilities Reduce academic, driving, decision making and equip operating performance Reduce academic, driving, decision making and equip operating performance Needle use? Increased likelihood of AIDS Needle use? Increased likelihood of AIDS Can result in social and psychological problems Can result in social and psychological problems

39. Consequences of Tobacco use Adverse effects on physical and mental health Adverse effects on physical and mental health Stroke Stroke Emphysema Emphysema Heart disease Heart disease Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Depression Depression Second hand smoke Second hand smoke

40. Alcohol use Dizziness, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting Dizziness, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting Impaired judgment Impaired judgment Aggressive behaviour, anxiety, depression Aggressive behaviour, anxiety, depression Long term effect of alcohol abuse can lead to damage of vital organs- heart, liver etc Long term effect of alcohol abuse can lead to damage of vital organs- heart, liver etc Increased risk of osteoporosis, cancer Increased risk of osteoporosis, cancer

41. Cocaine use Erosion of physical and mental health Erosion of physical and mental health Dilates pupils, narrowing of blood vessels Dilates pupils, narrowing of blood vessels Increases blood pressure, heart and breathing rate Increases blood pressure, heart and breathing rate Increases body temperature Increases body temperature Loss of appetite Loss of appetite Insomnia, runny nose, STDs Insomnia, runny nose, STDs Psychosis, depression Psychosis, depression

42. Marijuana use can create Problems with memory, attention, learning Problems with memory, attention, learning Distorted perception Distorted perception Anxiety and panic attack Anxiety and panic attack Increased heart rate Increased heart rate Respiratory problems Respiratory problems Possible use of harder drugs Possible use of harder drugs Poor decision making leading to sex Poor decision making leading to sex Greater risk of transmitted diseases Greater risk of transmitted diseases

43. Effect of marijuana on performance Impairs skills requiring hand eye coordination Impairs skills requiring hand eye coordination Reduces motor coordination Reduces motor coordination Impairs concentration Impairs concentration Reduces maximal exercise capacity Reduces maximal exercise capacity Possible benefits in sport requiring calm state…hence WADA prohibited substance Possible benefits in sport requiring calm state…hence WADA prohibited substance

44. Marijuana use continued… Short tem adverse effects include: memory and learning problems, difficulty in concentrating and thinking processes, Short tem adverse effects include: memory and learning problems, difficulty in concentrating and thinking processes, Long term adverse effects include: Long term adverse effects include: Chronic respiratory problems, immune system, loss of ambition, inability to carry out long term plans……page 133 Chronic respiratory problems, immune system, loss of ambition, inability to carry out long term plans……page 133

45. Is marijuana addictive? “Physical and psychological dependence in frequent users is associated with signs and symptoms of withdrawal upon discontinuation”…Wadler…p 133 “Physical and psychological dependence in frequent users is associated with signs and symptoms of withdrawal upon discontinuation”…Wadler…p 133 Research tends to suggest that marijuana use leads to a dependency on the drug to provide the desired effects Research tends to suggest that marijuana use leads to a dependency on the drug to provide the desired effects

46. Coach Theory Course Congratulations!....you have just come to the end of the Coach Theory Course of the Caribbean Coaching Certification Programme. This is only the beginning, as in many of the topic areas covered in this course, the surface has only been scratched. It is now up to you, to apply the scientific and educational principles we have discussed, and continue to educate and upgrade your certification. You will then be a valuable resource to your athletes, as they benefit from what you have to offer. Good Luck!

47. Marijuana and Drug Testing Marijuana is a prohibited substance for in competition use, and it can remain detectable for several weeks ( depending on how much it is used) after it was last used……p 133. Marijuana is a prohibited substance for in competition use, and it can remain detectable for several weeks ( depending on how much it is used) after it was last used……p 133.

48. Unit 4 Preventing Drug Use in Sports

49. Some strategies for preventing drug use Prevention is the most effective strateg Prevention is the most effective strateg Be a good role model Be a good role model Set behaviour standards and policies Set behaviour standards and policies Support anti doping testing Support anti doping testing Be knowledgeable and informed Be knowledgeable and informed Provide a proper training atmosphere Provide a proper training atmosphere Help players to develop appropriate skills Help players to develop appropriate skills Know where to go for help Know where to go for help Have athletes sign a pledge Have athletes sign a pledge

50. Unit 5 Drug Use Intervention

51. Intervention Regardless of the strategies used by the coach, it is possible that some players will choose to participate in doping practices Regardless of the strategies used by the coach, it is possible that some players will choose to participate in doping practices If you think a player is using or considering using, try to get evidence to back up your concerns If you think a player is using or considering using, try to get evidence to back up your concerns

52. Consider the following procedures Do not ignore your suspicion- Take action Do not ignore your suspicion- Take action Address the issue with the player Address the issue with the player Follow team policies and procedures Follow team policies and procedures If appropriate, talk with parents If appropriate, talk with parents Apply consequences if sufficient evidence Apply consequences if sufficient evidence Use the incident as a teachable moment Use the incident as a teachable moment Give the player a chance to speak to the team Give the player a chance to speak to the team Reinforce positive behaviour Reinforce positive behaviour

53. Establishing Consequences The consequences for participating in drug use should be clearly outlined in your team or school policies or procedures or Code of conduct. The consequences for participating in drug use should be clearly outlined in your team or school policies or procedures or Code of conduct. It should be consistent with and backed by the National Federation It should be consistent with and backed by the National Federation Considerations are discussed on page 133 Considerations are discussed on page 133

54. Summary Drug use in sport has two issues: Drug use in sport has two issues: Doping…prohibited substances / methods Doping…prohibited substances / methods Recreational…Illegal drug use Recreational…Illegal drug use Strict Liability means the athlete is always responsible for substances found in their body Strict Liability means the athlete is always responsible for substances found in their body Athletes and coaches should be aware of anti doping requirements and procedures Athletes and coaches should be aware of anti doping requirements and procedures

55. Where to go for help? For more Anti Doping information For more Anti Doping information World Anti - Doping Agency World Anti - Doping Agency http:// www.wada-ama.org/ http:// www.wada-ama.org/www.wada-ama.org/ Caribbean R A D O Caribbean R A D O http// caribbeanrado.com http// caribbeanrado.com