1. STRUCTURE OF SENTENCE

2. Subjects and Predicates Parts of speech have specific tasks to perform when they are put together in a sentence. A noun or pronoun functions as the sentence subject when it is paired with a verb functioning as the sentence predicate.nounpronounverb Every sentence has a subject and predicate.

3. Subjects A subject can be a noun or pronoun that is partnered with an action verb. Example: Philanthropists donated millions to charity.

4. Predicate A predicate is a verb that expresses the subject's action or state of being.verb Example: Philanthropists donated millions to charity. Sometimes the predicate will be composed of two or three verbs that fit together - the main verb preceded by one or more auxiliary (helping) verbs.auxiliary

5. IMPORTANT NOTE: To be a predicate, a verb that ends in -ing must ALWAYS have a helping verb with it. An -ing verb WITHOUT a helping verb cannot be a predicate in a sentence.

6. Phrases A phrase is a group of related words that 1. does not express a complete thought 2. does not have a subject and predicate pair One type of phrase is a prepositional phrase.prepositional phrase Examples: At the beach, by this time

7. Clauses Words and phrases can be put together to make clauses. A clause is a group of related words that contain a subject and predicate. Note the difference between phrases and clauses in the following example: Webster took the train.

8. Compounding Sentence Elements Words, phrases, and clauses may be joined to one another inside a sentence with a conjunction. The coordinating conjunctions and, but, or, and nor may join subjects, predicates, adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases or dependent clauses within a sentence. This process is called "compounding." The following examples show the process of compoundingcoordinating conjunctions

9. WORDS: Sam and Henry drive to work together each day. PHRASES: We will meet you in the mall. DEPENDENT CLAUSES: We will discuss your options after it is over.