1. Chapter 18 Test Review Cold War

2. Key Terms and People General in command of the U.S. forces in Korean War Douglas MacArthur Americans convicted and executed for passing nuclear secrets to the soviets Ethel and Julius Rosenberg War to achieve specific goals rather than the total defeat of the enemy Limited war Never-ending effort to acquire more powerful weapons than one’s enemy Arms Race

3. Key Terms and People U.S policy to use force to help countries in the Middle East fend off communism Eisenhower Doctrine Fear of communists both inside and outside of the United States Red Scare U.S. diplomat who wanted to contain communism within its current borders George Kennan Overabundance of weapons that would result in total destruction Mutually assured destruction

4. Key Terms and People Term implying bullying tactics, reckless charges, and unsubstantiated evidence McCarthyism Weaker country under the control of a more powerful country Satellite state

5. Key Concepts What was the main reason for the cause of the Cold War? Economic differences between the US and the Soviet Union Why was it called the Cold War? Because the two sides did not engage in direct military conflict Between what two groups was the Chinese civil war? The communists and the Chinese Nationalists What was the result of the Chinese civil war? The communists won and China became a communist state

6. Key Concepts Between what two countries was the Korean War? North and South Korea On which side did the UN and U.S. fight? South Korea What was the outcome of the Korean War? It was a stalemate; no one won and the dividing line it ended up back at the 38 th parallel where it began What was a consequence of CIA operations in Iran in the 1950s? It created anti-US feelings which are still prevalent today

7. Key Concepts Why did Albert Einstein oppose the development of the hydrogen bomb? He predicted it would lead to an arms race- he was RIGHT! What was the Red Scare? Fear of communism spreading inside and outside of the US borders Other than the late 1940s and 1950s, during what other time period was there a Red Scare? 1917-1920 What was the purpose of HUAC? Investigated activities if communists, Nazis and fascists

8. Key Concepts What was the Iron Curtain? Imaginary line which separated communist countries from the rest of the free world Who first spoke about the Iron Curtain? Winston Churchill What countries remained in Soviet Control after WWII? Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, eastern part of Germany Who was J. Robert Oppenheimer? Lead scientist behind the development of the atomic bomb Why was he investigated by the U.S. government He has friends who belonged to the communist party

9. Key Concepts What two events led to the decline of the Red Scare? End of the Korean War in 1953 and downfall of McCarthy What led to Senator McCarthy’s downfall? The hearings were on TV and the public saw his bullying tactics and were appalled by it.