2. The story about Pangu Pangu grew between the sky and the earth, which were combined together. They were just as tall as Pangu grew. He could not bear the small world any longer. So he found an ax and cut in the middle of the sky and the earth and divided them. The world became wider. After his death, one of Pangu’s eyes became the sun and the other, moon. His breath was the wind and his muscles turned into mountains. His blood became the rivers in the world and his hairs became forests. And then, our world appears. That’s Chinese story about the origin of the world.

3. Nuwa makes men It is said that there were no men when the sky and the earth were separated. It was Nuwa who made men by moulding( 使成形 ) yellow clay （泥）. The work was so tiring that her strength was not equal to it. So she dipped a rope into the mud and then lifted it. The mud that dripped from the rope also became men. Those made by moulding yellow clay were rich and noble, while those made by lifting the rope were poor and low.

4. What can be called a scientific idea? 1. objective 2. can be tested

6. 1st paragraph 1. What was the earth like before it form its shape? 2. How did the earth’s atmosphere come into being? 3. What about water? 4. What made the earth different from the other planets? 5.In the sentence “Many people think this was important for the beginning of life. ”, what does “this” refer to? Why is it important?

7. 1. What was the earth like before it form its shape? It was a cloud of energetic dust, which then slowly combined into a ball moving around the sun 2. How did the earth’s atmosphere come into being? The explosion of the earth produced the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.

8. 3. What about water? The explosion of the earth produced the water vapor. When the earth cooled down, the water vapor turned into water 4. What made the earth different from the other planets? The presence of water

9. 5.In the sentence “Many people think this was important for the beginning of life. ”, what does “this” refer to? Why is it important ? “This” refers to the water. Because water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into oceans and seas. And that made life possible in the earth.

10. Point out what “it” refers to in the following sentences 1. What it was to become was a mystery. 2. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. 3. Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets. 4. But it stayed on the earth. The earth The water

11. How the earth came into being? 1. Big Bang ( a huge explosion around 15 billion years ago) 2. A cloud of energetic dust 3. A ball moving around the sun 4. Exploded with fire and rock 5. Produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide… 6. Cooled down 7. Water appeared 8.Harmful gases were dissolved

12. Language Points in para1 1. The dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun. combine with sth * Hydrogen combine with oxygen to form water. combine A with / and B * Combine the eggs with a little flour.

13. A ball moving around the sun Moving around the sun : 现在分词作定 语, 放在被修饰的名词之后。 1.Men breaking the law will be punished. Men who break the law will be punished. 2. I know the man standing there. I know the man who is standing there.

14. 2. a cloud of energetic dust= a cloud which was full of energetic dust *energetic=full of energy: *an energetic child; *take some energetic exercise 剧烈活动 3.mystery: thing whose cause or origin is impossible to explain. *It’s a mystery to me why they didn’t choose him.

15. 4. violent=severe * violent winds/ earthquake violent pain 5. Explode vi vt The firework exploded in his hand. The terrorist exploded a bomb.

16. 6. in time= sooner or later * I’ll see him in time. In time (for sth/ to do sth)= not late * She will be back in time to prepare dinner. *on time in no time take one’s time

17. 7. allow, permit allow sth/ doing sth allow sb to do sth *Please allow me to thank you for your visit. *I’ll never allow such behavior.  permit sb doing/ sth  permit sb to do sth 可交换使用 *The policeman permitted him to park there.

18. 2 nd & 3 rd Paragraphs 1. “This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.” What does “this” refer to? 2. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals? 3. What is the difference between reptiles and mammals?

19. 1. “This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.” What does “this” refer to? This refers to that the small plants multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas with oxygen

20. 2. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals? Because plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe. 3. What is the difference between reptiles and mammals? Reptiles produced young by laying eggs while mammals from within their bodies.

21. Fill in the chart Small plants in the water Shellfish and all sorts of fish Green plants on land Insects on land Amphibian on land and in water forests Reptiles on land Dinosaurs on land Mammals on land 1 2 1 2 3

22. 4th Paragraph 1. What does the writer mean by saying “small clever animals, now with hands and feet”? 2. What problem is caused by human beings? Human-beings They cause global warming.

23. Language Points 1. multiply ( They multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas with oxygen.) ⑴ 乘法 multiply A and / by B ⑵繁殖 vi / vt Scientists multiply bacteria in labs.

24. 2. fill A (with B) (They multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas with oxygen.) * fill a hole with sand * Smoke filled the room. * I’m filled with admiration for your bravery.

25. 3. encourage= help sth to develop (This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.” ) *encourage import * encourage sb to do sth

26. 4. grow into sth= become sth gradually (When the plants grew into forests……) * She is growing into a beautiful young lady. 5. For the first/ second … time 第一／ 二 …… 次 (Reptiles appeared for the first time.) 与一般过去时连用． 与 It’s the first/ second time that + 完成 时比较

27. ６.They produced young by laying eggs. ⑴ produce 生育 ⑵ young 作复数名词，鸟兽雏 ⑶ lay, lie 区别 ＊ lay vt (laid, laid, laying) 把东西放平，下 蛋 * lie vi (lain, lain, lying) 平放 ＊ lie vi (lied, lied, lying) 撒谎

28. 7. spread (small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth”?) 传播，流传 ＊ Liu Xiang’s name spread all over the world of the Olympic Games. * SARS spread fast during April, 2003.

29. 8. depend on/ upon She depends on her sister. *gain one’s independence from