1. CHAPTER NINE- SECTION 1 AND 2 BRITAIN AND FRANCE: Reform and Revolution

2. Great Britain Political Reforms are made in response to the Industrial Revolution Political Reforms are made in response to the Industrial Revolution 1832- Reform Bill: Gave industrial cities representation in Parliament- gave voting rights to middle class men 1832- Reform Bill: Gave industrial cities representation in Parliament- gave voting rights to middle class men Factory Act- limited working hours of children. Mandated some access to education for children Factory Act- limited working hours of children. Mandated some access to education for children These laws mark the beginning of the end for laissez faire capitalism (why?) These laws mark the beginning of the end for laissez faire capitalism (why?)

3. More Reforms Parliament ends slavery, passes other laws to reform city life and ease problems of industrialization Parliament ends slavery, passes other laws to reform city life and ease problems of industrialization Voting rights bills of 1867-1885- gave voting rights to new groups- just men so far… Voting rights bills of 1867-1885- gave voting rights to new groups- just men so far… These reforms are pushed by the liberal wing of Parliament led by William Gladstone These reforms are pushed by the liberal wing of Parliament led by William Gladstone

4. Attempts at more Reform The Chartists- push for universal male suffrage, other reforms in elections like secret ballot. They were not successful at first, but all their reforms were eventually passed The Chartists- push for universal male suffrage, other reforms in elections like secret ballot. They were not successful at first, but all their reforms were eventually passed Women’s Suffrage Movement- led by Emmeline Pankhurst. Increasingly radical movement dedicated to gaining voting rights for women Women’s Suffrage Movement- led by Emmeline Pankhurst. Increasingly radical movement dedicated to gaining voting rights for women

5. Emily Davison Suffragette who ran in front of the Kings Horse at a race in 1913- she died several days later

6. Changes in the British Empire Ireland- many Irish citizens become embittered toward Britain after government trade policies lead to the death of many through famine Ireland- many Irish citizens become embittered toward Britain after government trade policies lead to the death of many through famine They fight for home rule- this is not granted until 1920 They fight for home rule- this is not granted until 1920 Canada becomes a dominion (self governing colony) in 1867 Canada becomes a dominion (self governing colony) in 1867 Australia and New Zealand also gain self-rule in 1901 and 1907 respectively Australia and New Zealand also gain self-rule in 1901 and 1907 respectively

7. France After Napoleonic era, Congress of Vienna restore French monarchy to throne in France After Napoleonic era, Congress of Vienna restore French monarchy to throne in France King Charles X begins Reactionary rule attempting to restore Absolute monarchy- people revolt in Revolution of 1830 King Charles X begins Reactionary rule attempting to restore Absolute monarchy- people revolt in Revolution of 1830 “Citizen King” Louis Philippe becomes King- supported by moderate liberals “Citizen King” Louis Philippe becomes King- supported by moderate liberals He has the appearance of a man of the common people, but….. He has the appearance of a man of the common people, but…..

8. Revolution of 1848 and rise of Louis Napoleon Louis Philippe’s rule is much more favorable to the wealthy and the common people rebel again Louis Philippe’s rule is much more favorable to the wealthy and the common people rebel again Revolution comes again to France in 1848- the end of the French monarchy Revolution comes again to France in 1848- the end of the French monarchy 2 nd French Republic- voting rights for all men, republican government 2 nd French Republic- voting rights for all men, republican government A tide of revolutions sweeps across other European nations A tide of revolutions sweeps across other European nations

9. Napoleon III and Empire Napoleon is supposed to surrender power after 4 years, but he doesn’t want to leave- the people also support him Napoleon is supposed to surrender power after 4 years, but he doesn’t want to leave- the people also support him The people vote to appoint him emperor The people vote to appoint him emperor He leads France during a time of prosperity and industrialization He leads France during a time of prosperity and industrialization His rule ends with a disastrous defeat by the Prussians (later to become head of unified Germany His rule ends with a disastrous defeat by the Prussians (later to become head of unified Germany

10. Questions to Consider Why is English government so much more stable than that of France during this time Why is English government so much more stable than that of France during this time Where do these different groups belong on the political spectrum? (left-right) Where do these different groups belong on the political spectrum? (left-right) What are the things that allow for peaceful and lasting reform? What are the things that allow for peaceful and lasting reform?