2. Introduction to The Diary of Anne Frank

3. Red – STOP! Write this down Yellow – Slow down! Take time to get the gist of this part. You need to write it down, but you can write it in your own words. Green – Go ahead and write this down on your Timeline. Black – Discussion topic. Don’t worry about writing these down, we’ll just talk about them.

4. 1. Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life especially by fire 2. Greek word that means burnt whole or consumed by fire

5. 6 million Jews 1.5 million children under 12 “Other Undesirables” 5 million 11 MILLION KILLED!

6. Hitler’s Promises  Better life  Germany great nation  Racial purity *The NAZI party and Adolf Hitler seized power in 1933 and slowly began their program against the Jews of Germany *In 1933 there were 566,000 Jews living in Germany. *Each new year in Germany led to harsher policies directed towards the Jews.

7. NAZIS boycott Jewish businesses issue decree that defines non- Aryans Hermann Goering creates the GESTAPO first concentration camps are built Dachau - 3/22/33 Jews are not allowed to have national health insurance the SS (Schutzstaffel) is formed Hitler becomes Der Fuherer and receives a 90% approval rating from the people 1934

9. The Nuremberg Laws decreed that non- Aryans could not be a part of regular society. Aryan Race This was the name of what Hitler believed was the perfect race. These were people with full German blood, blonde hair and blue eyes.

10. SS Deathshead division is created to guard camps Heinreich Himmler is appointed Chief of the German Police Olympic games in Berlin, Jews treated better - briefly. Jews are not allowed to teach Germans Not allowed to be accountants or dentists Stereo-typing of Jews and warnings to Germans

11. Nazi troops enter Austria League of Nations considers helping Jews fleeing Hitler, but no country will take them Jews are not allowed to practice medicine 1939: KRISTALLNACHT “Night of Broken Glass” Jewish stores, shops and synagogues burned down. Took place because a German official was killed in Paris by a Jew.

12. Reinhard Heydrich is ordered to speed up emigration of Jews The St. Louis is turned away from the US. Jews must hand over all gold and silver. Nazi troops seize Czechoslovakia 350,000 Jews Sept. 1, 1939 – Nazis invade Poland 3.35 million Jews Hans Frank becomes governor of Poland Forced labor decree issued and all Jews must wear yellow stars POLAND 1939

13. “I ask nothing of Jews except that they should disappear” – Hans Frank KRISTALLNACHT “Night of Broken Glass”

14. German Jews are deported to Poland Ghettos of Lodz, Krakow and Warsaw are sealed off. Total of 600,000 Jews These ghettos will be liquidated starting in 1942 German soldiers rounding up Jews to be placed in ghettos

15. Nazis invade the Soviet Union Jewish population of 3 million Hitler issues infamous “Commissar Order” SS Einsatzgruppen follow advance of German Army SS “Special Action Groups” organized in early years of war by Reinhard Heydrich Heydrich organized 4 large groups (A,B,C,D) in Soviet Union Competition between group leaders to see who could kill the most Jews 1,300,000 Russian Jews killed by end of war by these “mobile killing units”

16. Some historians believe that Hitler’s grandfather was Jewish. His Grandmother used to work for a rich Jewish landowner in Austria and it is believed that she had an affair whilst she worked as his house keeper. He later helped his son get a job as a civil servant. Some Psychologist put this down as being one of the possible reasons why Hitler hated Jews. However, it is interesting to note that the Jewish doctor who helped his mother whilst she was dying of cancer was dropped off at the Swiss boarder by the SS in 1940!

18. “You have no right to live among us.”

19. “You have no right to live !”

20. At the Wannsee conference it was decided that if one of person’s parents was Jewish, then they were Jewish. However, if only one of their grandparents had been Jewish then they could be classified as being German. In 1940, all Jews had to have their passports stamped with the letter ‘J’ and had to wear the yellow Star of David on their jacket or coat.

21. How was the Final Solution going to be organised? Shooting was too inefficient as the bullets were needed for the war effort Jews were to be rounded up and put into transit camps called Ghettoes The Jews living in these Ghettos were to be used as a cheap source of labour. Conditions in the Ghettos were designed to be so bad that many die whilst the rest would be willing to leave these areas in the hope of better conditions On arrival the Jews would go through a process called ‘selection.’ The remaining Jews were to be shipped to ‘resettlement areas’ in the East. Women, children, the old & the sick were to be sent for ‘special treatment.’ The young and fit would go through a process called ‘destruction through work.’

22. Family being forced into Ghettos

24. “Now judgment has begun and it will reach its conclusion only when the knowledge of the Jews has been erased from the earth!” Nazi Newspaper There were 3 phases of the Nazi plan to wipe out the Jewish population of Europe.

25. Jews were rounded up and told they were to be relocated They were taken to the woods and were shot one by one Their bodies were buried in mass graves

26. Again, Jews were rounded up and told they were to be relocated in vans The vans were equipped so that the van’s exhaust was piped back into the van 700,000 Jews killed in Vans

27. The Nazis encountered several problems with the executions and gas vans First, they were both taking to much time Second, resources such as gas and munitions were becoming scarce Third, soldiers involved were beginning to have psychological problems with what they were doing.

28. Nazi leaders decided to drastically speed up the Final Solution There were two different types of camps: CONCENTRATION CAMPS EXTERMINATION CAMPS Jews from all over occupied Europe were to be brought here.

32. Ghetto Star

33. 100 of these in Nazi-occupied Europe Started out as ordinary concentration camps Later modified with gassing installations for use on humans, then called “DEATH CAMPS” Prisoners used for forced labor prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2 year communists, homosexuals, criminals, social- democrats, artists. First camp was opened in 1933, right after Nazis came to power

35. Jews from the Lodz ghetto in Poland sent here First death camp built = 1941 First to use Gas Vans on Jews

36. Camp for women only Run by German women who were criminals Prisoners worked on remodeling furs 50,000 killed 14,000 rescued by Swedish diplomat Count Folke Bernadette negotiating for prisoners

37. Established in 1941 as a POW camp Started its part in the Final Solution in 1942 Jews, Poles and Soviet POW’s sent here Had two gas chambers to exterminate

38. Started operations in January 1940 (Poland) Himmler chose Auschwitz as the place for the Final Solution Had 4 gas chambers/ crematories by 1943 Mass killings with Zyklon B gas Commanded by Rudolph Hoess Recorded 12,000 kills in one day

39. ORDERED TO TAKE ALL POSSESSIONS FROM JEWS TEETH WITH GOLD PILES OF GLASSES

41. This photo was taken by the Nazis to show just how you could quite literally work the fat of the Jews by feeding them 200 calories a day

42. Same group of Jews 6 weeks later

43. Arrived in Auschwitz in May of 1943 SS Doctor who had power of life/death Performed medical experiments on Jewish children “ANGEL OF DEATH”

44. Sterilization of men and women Endurance of pain to high and low temperatures and pressure Experiments on twins to increase number of multiple births to Aryan women Injections of phenol to kill patients Dr. Mengele attempted to sew children together to make Siamese twins

45. EXTRACTED HUMAN ORGANS EXPERIMENTS ON CHILDREN IN AUSCHWITZ

46. People being “resettled” to Concentration Camps

47. Prisoners arriving at the camps…

48. Entrance to Auschwitz “Work will set you free”

50. 16 of the 44 children taken from a French children’s home. They were sent to a concentration camp and later to Auschwitz. ONLY 1 SURVIVED A group of children at a concentration camp in Poland.

51. Smoke rises as the bodies are burnt.

52. Jewish women, some holding infants, are forced to wait in a line before their execution by Germans and Ukrainian collaborators.

53. A German policeman shoots individual Jewish women who remain alive in the ravine after the mass execution.

55. Between 1939 and 1945 six million Jews were murdered, along with hundreds of thousands of others, such as Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, disabled and the mentally ill.

56. A Total of 6,000,000 Jews Percentage of Jews killed in each country

57. Jewish population before, and Jewish population after Holocaust

58. The Nazis aimed to kill 11 million Jews at the Wannsee Conference in 1941 Today there are only 2000 Jews living in Poland. The Nazis managed to kill at least 6 million Jews. Men like Schindler helped Jews escape the Final Solution. Not all Jews went quietly into the gas cambers. In 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto, like many others revolted against the Nazis when the Jews realised what was really happening.

59. Life During the Holocaust

60. Margot and Anne

61. Happiness at Home Gestapo Forces Jews to Flee The Frank family moves into hiding Secret Annex Close Quarters No Privacy “The Secret Annex”

62. Nazi Soldiers patrol the streets Jews on the streets were killed Shooting and screaming were heard throughout the night

63. Allies move in and free Prisoners. End of Holocaust 1945 Anne Frank’s Diary found and published

64. The Frank’s hiding place, “The Secret Annex,” was discovered in 1944. Everyone who had been hiding there were sent to different concentration camps. Anne and Margot were sent to Bergen-Belsen. They both died 1 week before the camp was liberated. Their father, Otto, was the only family member to survive.

65. - Anne Frank