1. The Rock Cycle Where do they come from? Where do they go?

2. What are rocks? Naturally occurring solids made of minerals no definite chemical composition Preserve Earth’s history when formed

3. What are the 3 major rock types? Igneous Sedimentary metamorphic

4. Igneous Made from molten lava or magma (fire) magma = below ground forms intrusive igneous rocks lava = above ground forms extrusive igneous rocks Can have large or small crystals Some cool too quick for gases to escape and leave bubbles

5. How are igneous rocks classified? felsic - Light rocks that contain high amounts of silica intermediate - contain between 52 - 62 % silica mafic - Dark rocks that contain little silica ultramafic - very dense with very little silica intrusive - formed above ground extrusive - formed below ground http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/ es0602/es0602page02.cfm

6. Sedimentary Formed from compaction and cementation of weathered materials sediments from weathered rock are deposited weathering - breaking down of rock erosion - carrying rock away (usually by water) Some are formed biologically - coal, limestone Often contain FOSSILS!!! http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/ es0602/es0602page02.cfm

7. Fossils fossilized body parts - bones, teeth, skin, embryos, etc... fossil traces - burrows, footprints, poop, etc... ONLY occur in sedimentary rock http://www.footprints-science.co.uk/fossils.htm

8. Metamorphic Rock Formed by heat and pressure Usually form deep within Earth’s crust Can have foliation banding that occurs from great stress and pressure, flattens crystals in pre -existing rock must have parent rock http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0607/es06 07page01.cfm http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/ es0602/es0602page02.cfm

9. Are there types of metamorphism? YES!!! contact metamorphism - parent rock comes in contact with a heat source, such as magma regional metamorphism - changes to country rock over a large area plutons - small bodies of metamorphosed country rock batholiths - very large bodies of metamorphosed country rock

10. Rock cycle The dynamic changes of rocks between different types over time changes through: heat and pressure melting weathering and erosion

11. http://www.google.com/imgres?q=rock+cycle&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=97D97nKo- yGC1M:&imgrefurl=http://www.meridianschools.org/MHS/TeachersStaff/MP/Nawrocki/Pages/Unit2RockCycle.aspx&docid=ut49RbuYWPJl8M&imgurl=http://www.meridianschools.org/MHS/TeachersStaff/MP/Nawrocki/PublishingImages/rock- cycle.jpg&w=510&h=400&ei=znL-UK--BZOy8ASTpYDQAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=443&vpy=171&dur=399&hovh=150&hovw=192&tx=118&ty=107&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=145&tbnw=185&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:159

12. What is the rock cycle driven by? heat from Earth’s core mantle convection - circular motion of heat in Earth’s mantle mechanical energy - movement of rocks and pieces of rock downward by gravity http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=53lMd HzvGCQ

13. Resources http://www.google.com/imgres?q=gneiss&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=JZdG5uXyrDcrtM:&imgrefurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geophys/gneiss.html&docid=- Yh_Ig1AgAcK7M&imgurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geophys/geopic/gneiss2.jpg&w=478&h=349&ei=omr- UOD5H5CC9gSLloHgCQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=399&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=180&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:120&tx=60&ty=74 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=conglomerate&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=tJikh7m5qswCaM:&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/conglomerate.htm&docid=oCRxfFDpAh- CrM&imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/images/conglomerate.jpg&w=450&h=338&ei=zWr- UKLOLZSC9gS2_IHYDw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=289&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=197&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:108&tx=112&ty=55 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=igneous&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=XxZxAtoogsd3-M:&imgrefurl=http://www.galleries.com/rocks/igneous.htm&docid=Kvs- Uv7CNULeKM&imgurl=http://www.galleries.com/rocks/igneous.jpg&w=320&h=240&ei=BGv- UKW1G5L68QTd_YGQCg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=284&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=182&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:134&tx=120&ty=69 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=sedimentary&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=ABpVUFku9In57M:&imgrefurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0027-sedimentary- rocks.php&docid=zosm1A9q5X8DSM&imgurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/sedimentary-rocks.jpg&w=300&h=306&ei=PGv- UIDsMpGE8QSd7IGYAg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=301&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=134&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0,i:158&tx=44&ty=76 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=metamorphic&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=lBoGVBQOga4G7M:&imgrefurl=http://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/bill_williams_river/bwrocks_l.html&docid =FRipe3-IR7GFWM&imgurl=http://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/photographs700/bwrocks.jpg&w=700&h=505&ei=WGv- UKrQK4WE8ASiqYBo&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=161&vpy=318&dur=1065&hovh=191&hovw=264&tx=135&ty=107&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=138&tbnw=185&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:174 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=pumice&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=7lWEYQymPKFbMM:&imgrefurl=http://geology.com/rocks/pumice.shtml&docid=zL76aSqvvsOjuM&imgurl=http://geology.c om/rocks/pictures/pumice.jpg&w=560&h=420&ei=UGz-UM65MYHc8wSEr4HACg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=353&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=169&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:111&tx=60&ty=57 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=obsidian&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=FlKrzSUP4Ex53M:&imgrefurl=http://geology.com/rocks/obsidian.shtml&docid=CjiZ8xti8- h6QM&imgurl=http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/obsidian-380.jpg&w=380&h=285&ei=bmz- UKmtI4T69gSu2IC4CQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=829&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=198&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:147&tx=154&ty=105 http://mineralsciences.si.edu/collections/rock_ore/ultramafic.htm http://www.google.com/imgres?q=sedimentary+rocks&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=6HMYbzgsu- hy2M:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Sedimentary_Rocks&docid=dQyJlwkMIcbVUM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Helgoland_Lummenfelsen_22067.JPG/500px- Helgoland_Lummenfelsen_22067.JPG&w=500&h=375&ei=XG7- UMS6Co6G9QTzw4CYCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=470&vpy=318&dur=678&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=100&ty=123&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=146&tbnw=192&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0,i:183

14. Resources http://www.google.com/imgres?q=carlsbad+caverns&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=GciONk0OurJhQM:&imgrefurl=http://www.nps.gov/cave/photosmultimedia/index.htm&docid=abOoeE6o13RZFM&imgurl=http://www.nps.go v/cave/photosmultimedia/upload/br_dolls_theater_jones.jpg&w=1800&h=1205&ei=lG7- UI7NOIa09gS52IDADA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=168&dur=1681&hovh=184&hovw=274&tx=165&ty=105&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=214&start=0&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:147 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=vgzOrR01VQU5kM:&imgrefurl=http://science.nationalgeographic.com/wallpaper/science/photos/permian-period/trilobite- fossil/&docid=f6zCv47kpd6XKM&imgurl=http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/012/cache/trilobite-fossil_1262_990x742.jpg&w=989&h=742&ei=Ym_-UN- WJorm8QThz4HoDA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=262&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=212&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:19,s:0,i:207&tx=78&ty=80 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=z6t-cWFYjQdchM:&imgrefurl=http://www.123rf.com/photo_15603461_model-dinosaur- fossil.html&docid=BewxWxdTEa8zSM&imgurl=http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/bennyartist/bennyartist1210/bennyartist121000045/15603461-model-dinosaur-fossil.jpg&w=1200&h=768&ei=XnD- UJXFG5GI9gTR4oGwAQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=269&sig=115953012663293382693&page=2&tbnh=138&tbnw=220&start=30&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:34,s:0,i:258&tx=84&ty=94 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil+footprints&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=Odkmgma0L8dXKM:&imgrefurl=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Massachusetts/fossil_dinotracks.html&docid=V- 7wVxSmms0o0M&imgurl=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/IMAGES/Massachusetts/fossil-footprint-dinosaur-t.jpg&w=380&h=319&ei=hXD- UI34Kojk8gS0uICAAg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=159&dur=340&hovh=206&hovw=245&tx=104&ty=120&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=158&start=0&ndsp=35&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:124 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=foliation&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=9Cc-yIwnvNH7GM:&imgrefurl=http://www.oldearth.org/curriculum/geology/geology_chapter_7.htm&docid=VX5z1NFvyLA- dM&imgurl=http://www.oldearth.org/curriculum/geology/images/Gneiss.jpg&w=600&h=361&ei=LHH-UKKuL4u89QS0- 4BQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=173&vpy=328&dur=1801&hovh=174&hovw=290&tx=119&ty=87&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=132&tbnw=210&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:138 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=contact+metamorphism&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=ytC4oFJ7qQmIAM:&imgrefurl=http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/monument/quartzit.html&docid=j2BjpbFiaoM2JM&imgurl=h ttp://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/monument/images/metheat.gif&w=583&h=400&ei=KXL- ULP3FY788QSEkoHoCA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=466&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=200&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:95&tx=51&ty=89 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=yosemite&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=OJLcll9EIGmaKM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yosemite_20_bg_090404.jpg&docid=aGVN0ksSepUVMM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org /wikipedia/commons/8/87/Yosemite_20_bg_090404.jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=UnL- UM2gIpOg8QSr2YC4BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=416&vpy=161&dur=198&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=145&ty=104&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=173&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:153 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=rock+cycle&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=LXwjRGNbJqNKwM:&imgrefurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html&docid=mLUYm9iwuRDgjM&imgurl=http://www.cotf.e du/ete/images/modules/msese/earthsysflr/EFCycleP2.gif&w=393&h=350&ei=znL-UK--BZOy8ASTpYDQAw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=141&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=145&tbnw=163&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:150&tx=95&ty=85 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mantle+convection&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=P_TRppVpgun40M:&imgrefurl=http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/deepearth/visualizations/mantle_conv.html&docid=roAGfU i4CJrp3M&imgurl=http://bprc.osu.edu/education/rr/plate_tectonics/mantle_convection_cell.gif&w=661&h=369&ei=i3P- UNjHCpC68wTjsIDQCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=188&vpy=182&dur=662&hovh=135&hovw=266&tx=179&ty=118&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=266&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:101