1. CONTROLLED ASSESSMENT: Cold War Relations 1941-1965 The Start of the Arms Race The BIG Question: What caused the Cold War?

2. WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? IV – The start of the Arms Race Describe the conditions that made up the Nuclear Arms Race Utilise statistics as evidence for evaluation STARTER ACTIVITY: REMEMBER YOUR BELIEFS ABOUT TRUMAN AND STALIN FROM YOUR LAST LESSON READ SOURCE L IN YOUR BOOK, AND ANSWER ONE OR MORE OF THE QUESTIONS BELOW IN YOUR BOOK. WRITE THEM IN FULL STATEMENTS SO THAT YOU DON’T NEED TO WRITE OUT THE QUESTION. DESCRIPTION- What is an “Arms Race”? EXPLANATION- Why might Stalin feel threatened by Truman? EVIDENCE- What sort of language does Truman use – positive or negative? JUDGEMENT- Who is to blame for the Arms Race? - USA for building the bomb and threatening it? - USSR for wanting one too?

3. SOURCE L The harnessing of the basic power of the universe. The force from which the sun draws its power has been used against those who brought war to the Far East. We have spent $2,000,000,000 on the greatest gamble in history, and we have won. With this bomb we have now added a new and revolutionary increase in destruction to supplement the growing power of our armed forces. In their present form these bombs are now in production and even more powerful forms are in development. It was in spare the Japanese people from utter destruction that the ultimatum of July 26 was issued from Potsdam. Their leaders promptly rejected that ultimatum. If they do not now accept our terms they may expect a rain of run from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth. Behind this air attack will follow sea and land forces in such numbers and power as they have not yet seen and with a fighting skill of which they have already become well aware. I shall recommend the Congress of the United States to consider promptly establishment of an appropriate Commission to control the production and use of atomic power within the United States. I shall give further consideration and make a further recommendation to Congress as to how atomic power can become a powerful and forceful influence towards the maintenance of world peace. President Harry S. Truman, speech (6th August, 1945) Describe the conditions that made up the Nuclear Arms Race Utilise statistics as evidence for evaluation

4. - What is an “Arms Race”? - Why might Stalin feel threatened by Truman? - What sort of language does Truman use – positive or negative? - Who is to blame for the Arms Race? - USA for building the bomb and threatening it? -USSR for wanting one too? WHAT’S GOOD AND BAD ABOUT MY PARAGRAPH? Describe the conditions that made up the Nuclear Arms Race Utilise statistics as evidence for evaluation An Arms Race is where two nations compete to have the strongest weapons. It is possible that both sides produce these weapons to use as a deterrent (stop people threatening them) or in order to prepare for a war. Stalin felt threatened by Truman at Potsdam where he announced that they had the bomb. This would have unnerved Stalin, making him paranoid and causing him to want to build such a super weapon of his own. Truman does try to suggest that the Atomic Bomb has some positive aspects beyond the strengthening of the American arsenal where he suggests that “atomic power can become a powerful and forceful influence towards the maintenance of world peace.” He would be suggesting that it is a deterrent, of course Stalin would not view it in this way but rather that he was showing off and being provocative. The situation in itself is probably not a cause of the Cold War or the breakdown of relations between the two sides but rather the lack of understanding between the contrasting ideologies and the suspicion of motives that both sides had of each other.

5. 5 WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? READ THROUGH THE ARTICLE “THE ATOMIC BOMB AND YOU” BY GEORGE ORWELL OVER THE NEXT TWO PAGES, AS YOU READ REMEMBER THAT THIS WAS PUBLISHED SHORTLY AFTER THE ANNOUNCEMENT TO THE PUBLIC THAT AN ATOMIC BOMB EXISTED, THE PUBLIC KNEW LITTLE ABOUT IT, THIS EXPRESSES THE CONCERNS, HOPES AND FEARS OF A BRITISH PUBLIC IN THE MONTHS FOLLOWING THE END OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME ANYONE USED THE PHRASE “COLD WAR”. YOUR TASK IS TO SUMMARISE ORWELL’S WRITING IN NO MORE THAN 100 WORDS, THEN REDUCE IT TO NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS In 100 words, “The Atomic Bomb and You” In 10 words, “The Atomic Bomb and You” THE ATOMIC BOMB AND YOU – GEORGE ORWELL (1 ST OCTOBER 1945) Considering how likely we all are to be blown to pieces by it within the next five years, the atomic bomb has not roused so much discussion as might have been expected. The newspapers have published numerous diagrams, not very helpful to the average man, of protons and neutrons doing their stuff, and there has been much reiteration of the useless statement that the bomb ‘ought to be put under international control.’ But curiously little has been said, at any rate in print, about the question that is of most urgent interest to all of us, namely: ‘How difficult are these things to manufacture?’ EXTENSION HOMEWORK HOMEWORK TASK – PUT DETAILS IN YOUR PLANNER NOW!!!

6. WHO HAD THE UPPER HAND IN THE ARMS RACE? Is there a time when the Arms Race was even? Who else joins in? What else do you notice about nuclear weapons?

7. WHO HAD THE UPPER HAND IN THE ARMS RACE? Is there a time when the Arms Race was even? Note for Teacher: HAND OUT THE EXTRACTS OF THE ARMS RACE SHEET TO BE READ OUT BY TWO SIDES OF THE ROOM IN NUMERICAL ORDER. AS EACH ONE IS READ OUT STUDENTS ARE TO NOTE WHO IS GAINING THE UPPER HAND USING FACTS TO SUPPORT THEIR ARGUMENT. THESE FACTS SHOULD BE USED WHEN PRODUCING THEIR PRACTICE PARAGRAPH.

9. WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? GRADE D – LITTLE SPECIFIC DETAIL OR KNOWLEDGE INCLUDED (VAGUE WAFFLING) GRADE C – THERE IS SOME DETAIL BEING USED HERE, THOUGH IT MAY NOT BE RELEVANT GRADE B – THERE IS SELECTED DETAIL BEING USED HERE TO BACK UP AN EXPLANATION GRADE A – YOU ARE NOW USING RELEVANT AND ACCURATE DETAILS TO SUPPORT AN ARGUMENT GRADE A* – YOU WILL BE INCLUDING A RANGE OF DETAILS THAT ARE RELEVANT AND ACCURATE TO SUPPORT AN ARGUMENT WHY WAS THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE A CAUSE OF THE COLD WAR? PEER ASSESSMENT – HIGHLIGHT THE GRADE ABOVE WHICH YOU THINK BEST RELATES TO THE PARAGRAPH WRITTEN HERE STUDENT ACTION (SUGGEST HOW YOU ARE GOING TO IMPROVE THIS SKILL IN YOUR NEXT PARAGRAPH – HAVE YOU CONTINUED TO INCLUDE EVIDENCE FROM SOURCES?) CONTROLLED ASSESSMENT PARAGRAPH PRACTICE – CONTEXTUAL KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVE FOCUS – CONTEXTUAL KNOWLEDGE

10. PLENARY The REAL LIFE damage that these weapons could produce