1. Unit 6: Africa Chapter 15: North Africa

2. Section 1: Physical Geography

3. Landforms Tectonic plates have influenced the physical geography of Northern Africa – _________ Longest mountain range on the continent: – ______ Mountains

4. Landforms Sahara Desert: – _______: sandy, dune-covered region – _______: stony palins with rocky gravel – __________: flat, sandston plateaus Ahaggar – Large, mountainous plateau region in the north-central region of the Sahara – Mount Tahat Tibesti Mountains – NE Niger and Sourthern Libya – Highest point in the Sahara

5. Water Systems _____________________ _____________________ – Alluvial soil- rich soil made up of sand and mud deposited by running water – 1950s: Aswan Dam ________-in the desert, a streambed that is dry except during a heavy rain

6. Water Systems Mediterranean Sea – Separate __________________________ Red Sea and Gulf of Aden – Separate __________________________

7. Climate, Biomes, & Resources What type of climate do we think of when we picture Northern Africa? What did it used to be like?

8. Climate, Biomes, & Resources __________________ – Arid (desert) – Semi-arid (steppe) – Northern parts of Sahara have freezing winters – Southern Sahara has mild, dry winters – Cacti and some types of shrubs __________________ – Flat plain south of the Sahara – Senegal gerbil – Baobab tree – Cattle

9. Climate, Biomes, & Resources ______________ – South of the Sahara and Sahel – Not a lot of rain, but enough to support more animals and vegetation _______________________ – Most rainfall – Barley – Oats – Wheat

10. Climate, Biomes, & Resources Natural Resources: – ______________-natural mineral containing chemical compounds often used in fertilizers – ______________

11. Section 2: Human Geography of North Africa

12. History and Government Early Civilization Egyptians – _____________________ – Developed irrigation systems to water crops – Calendar: 365 days – _________________________________________ _________________________________________

13. History and Government Early Civilizations Arabs – Moved west from the Arabian Peninsula and invaded – ___________________________ – ________ culture due to invasion – _________ eventually took over

14. History and Government Early Civilizations European Influence – France, UK, Italy held colonies

15. History and Government Independence and Power Struggles – _______________-belief in the right of a nation to be an independent state Comes from Europe – Egypt gains independence in 1922 From who?? – Algeria gains independence in 1962 From who?? – Libya gained independence in 1951 From who??

16. Society Today Religion __________________ – Also: _____________ languages Family and Women: – Status in society impacts how many children – Many women’s rights violations

17. Economics History of manufacturing and raw materials Only some of the land is _______________ – Only a small portion of the region partakes in primary activities _________________________________have helped bring wealth into the region Negatives: still see much unemployment, poverty

18. Section 3: People and Their Environment

19. Managing Resources Water – Necessary for plants, animals, and all forms of life! – Rivers, oases, oceans/seas, and aquifers (underground sources of water) – _______________________ _______________________

20. Human Impact Ecological loss due to – ________ 3 main categories of concern: – Population growth – agricultural performance – Environmental degradation