1. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 3.1 – 3.19 Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

5. Cells and Tissues Slide 3.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life  Cells are the building blocks of all living things  Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

6. Anatomy of the Cell Slide 3.2 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cells are not all the same  All cells share general structures  Cells are organized into three main regions  Nucleus  Cytoplasm  Plasma membrane Figure 3.1a

7. The Nucleus Slide 3.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Control center of the cell  Contains genetic material (DNA)  Three regions  Nuclear membrane  Nucleolus  Chromatin Figure 3.1b

8. Nuclear Membrane Slide 3.4 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Barrier of nucleus  Consists of a double phospholipid membrane  Contain nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

9. Nucleoli Slide 3.5 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli  Sites of ribosome production  Ribosomes then migrate to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores

10. Chromatin Slide 3.6 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Composed of DNA and protein  Scattered throughout the nucleus  Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

11. Plasma Membrane Slide 3.7a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Barrier for cell contents  Double phospholipid layer  Hydrophilic heads  Hydrophobic tails  Other materials in plasma membrane  Protein  Cholesterol  Glycoproteins

12. Plasma Membrane Specializations Slide 3.8a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Microvilli  Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption Figure 3.3

13. Plasma Membrane Specializations Slide 3.8b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Membrane junctions  Tight junctions  Desmosomes  Gap junctions Figure 3.3

15. Cytoplasm Slide 3.9 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane  Cytosol  Fluid that suspends other elements  Organelles  Metabolic machinery of the cell  Inclusions  Non-functioning units

16. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.10 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.4

17. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.11 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ribosomes  Made of protein and RNA  Sites of protein synthesis  Found at two locations  Free in the cytoplasm  Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum

18. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)  Fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances  Two types of ER  Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum  Studded with ribosomes  Site where building materials of cellular membrane are formed  Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum  Functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs

19. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.13a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Golgi apparatus  Modifies and packages proteins  Produces different types of packages  Secretory vesicles  Cell membrane components  Lysosomes

20. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.5

21. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.14 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Lysosomes  Contain enzymes that digest nonusable materials within the cell  Peroxisomes  Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes  Detoxify harmful substances  Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals)  Replicate by pinching in half

22. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.15 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Mitochondria  “Powerhouses” of the cell  Change shape continuously  Carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food  Provides ATP for cellular energy

23. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.16a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cytoskeleton  Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm  Provides the cell with an internal framework

24. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.16b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cytoskeleton  Three different types  Microfilaments  Intermediate filaments  Microtubules Figure 3.6

25. Cytoplasmic Organelles Slide 3.17 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Centrioles  Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules  Direct formation of mitotic spindle during cell division

26. Cellular Projections Slide 3.18 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Not found in all cells  Used for movement  Cilia moves materials across the cell surface  Flagellum propels the cell

27. Cell Diversity Slide 3.19a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.7; 1, 2

28. Cell Diversity Slide 3.19b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.7; 3

29. Cell Diversity Slide 3.19c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.7; 4, 5

30. Cell Diversity Slide 3.19d Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.7; 6, 7

31. Plasma Membrane Slide 3.7b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.2