1. Chapter 20: The Commonwealth and World War II (1935-1945)
Miguel karlo q. magno
Rosslyn c. magpantay
Hans Gabriel b. mallare
Joemar D. MASCARIÑAS
Aaron Jericho s. mendoza

2. Problems of the Commonwealth
The Commonwealth government was a transition government
National Security
The U.S. to grant Philippines their independence
National Defense Law
Gen. Douglas MacArthur as Field Marshal of the Philippine Army
Social Problems
Poverty and ignorance
Many uprisings – Sakdal Uprising
Economic Problems
Trade was dominated by foreigners
Free trade led Filipinos to depend on the American Market

3. Problems of the Commonwealth
Other Problems
Language problem
Immigration Act

4. Achievements of the Commonwealth
Foreign trade was made possible
Improvement of transportation and communication facilities
National Economic Council
Public welfare was given priority
Arts and literature was encouraged by the government

5. The War in the Pacific The bombing in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Manila declared as an open city
The Fall of Bataan and Corregidor
The Death March

6. Government Reorganization
Educational Policy
Opening of schools by the Japanese
The uncertainty of war discouraged schooling and other activities
The Second Republic
Jose P. Laurel as president
Prices of commodities increased daily

7. Guerrilla Warfare Most of the Filipinos were anti-Japanese
Guerrilla organizations were founded
MacArthur’s return was facilitated

8. The Government-In-Exile
Reorganization of the Commonwealth government in U.S.
Death of Quezon

9. The Return of MacArthur
American won over Japanese in several naval battles
Air forces to begin the attack on the Japanese in the Philippines
Japanese military forces were weakened

10. The Commonwealth Reestablished
MacArthur turned over the reigns of government to President Osmeña.
Proclamation of the liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese.

11. The End of the War Superfortresses bombed Japan
Pres. Harry S. Truman and Prime Minister Winston Churchill demanded for Japan to surrender
Dropping of atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.