1. Biology Semester 2 2012-13

2. 1/28/13 Entry Task What are the 4 main kinds of biological molecules? Which elements are most common in those? Notes on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles Extra Time? Read about cycles of matter and energy pages 41-49

3. Biological Macromolecules 1. carbohydrates – think “sugar” 2. lipids – think “fats” 3. proteins – think “lots of different kinds…hair and skin and hormones are made of these” 4. nucleic acid – think “genetic material like DNA” Most common elements: C, H, O, N

4. 1/29/13 Entry Task Using arrows and words (flow chart) show a possible cycle for carbon starting and ending with the atmosphere. Finish notes on Nitrogen Cycle. Start Energy and Matter mini-posters.

5. Mini-posters: Cycles of Carbon, Nitrogen and Energy MATTER: – Choose and draw a plant and its herbivore. – Add arrows to show the cycle of CARBON from the atmosphere to the plant (photosynthesis) to the animal (cellular respiration) and back to the atmosphere. – You may use the molecular formulas“CO 2 ” carbon dioxide and “C 6 H 12 O 6 ” glucose – Add arrows to show the cycle of NITROGEN from the atmosphere to nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil, into the plants and animals and back to soil (waste) or back to the atmosphere (by denitrifying bacteria). ENERGY: – Draw the sun. – Add arrows to show the flow of ENERGY from radiant energy to chemical energy stored in glucose during photosynthesis. – Add more arrows to show the herbivore eating and converting that chemical energy to the energy of ATP and losing energy as heat

6. 1/30/13 Entry Task Explain how energy and matter are different.

7. Energy Flows and Matter Cycles

9. 1/31/13 Entry Task Trace the energy flow from the sun to your lunch to the basketball game. HINT: energy forms you may use: nuclear, radiant, chemical (food or ATP), motion, heat Complete Matter and Energy Project. Extra Time? Add color and details!!

10. 2/1/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Please turn in your entry task sheets! Study Guide

11. 2/4/13 Entry Task Take out your red standards sheets. Assess yourself on # 8, 9, 10, 24 and 25 in the winter column. On entry task, explain which standard you are most confident and WHAT you know. Give examples!

12. Today’s Work Complete the study guide DUE AT THE END OF CLASS!!!. You may use this on the quiz and tomorrow’s Jeopardy Game. Quiz moved to WEDNESDAY! Finished early? Write 5 Jeopardy Q/A Categories: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Cycles of Carbon and Nitrogen, Energy Flow

13. 2/5/13 Entry Task How is the carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle similar? Different? Explain! PLAY JEOPARDY!

14. 2/6/13 Entry Task Summarize what you did yesterday and explain what you think is coming next.

15. 2/7/13 Entry Task Prepare for quiz – take out papers you may like to use. – Photosynthesis/yeast labs – Carbon/nitrogen cycle notes – Study Guide YOU MAY NOT USE OTHER PEOPLE’S WORK! Please move where asked… Do your best! ATTACH YOUR STUDY GUIDE TO YOUR QUIZ!!

16. 2/8/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Please turn in your entry task sheets.

17. Today’s work Read the first paragraph of “The Cell Cycle” on page 246. What are some causes and effects of the cell cycle? Please list one cause and effect for the entry task and a total of 3 on the worksheet. Read pages 246-249. Take notes! Complete #2 and #4 on page 247.

18. Today’s Work Watch the cell cycle video/animation.cell cycle video/animation On your notes page – answer the 5 questions after the video. Please turn in your work

19. 2/13/13 Entry Task Is the diagram on page 249 showing you multiple cells or a single cell undergoing changes? Explain! ANSWER: Single cell undergoing changes during the cell cycle. Starts with interphase (regular cell growth) and ends with cytokinesis (cytoplasm getting cut). Mitosis (nucleus splitting) is four steps in the middle

20. 2/14/13 Entry Task List and briefly describe what happens during the 3 stages of the cell cycle. Interactive animation of mitosis Interactive animation Watch cell division LIVELIVE

22. Tuesday 2/19/13 Entry Task Both mitosis and cytokinesis are involved in cell division. What’s the difference? Review rubric. Choose partner. Start models. STANDARD: I can describe and model the process of mitosis, in which one cell divides, producing two cells, each with copies of paired chromosomes from the original cell.(EALR 4 LS1)

23. 2/20/13 Entry Task List here your key for these parts to your model: – Nuclear membrane – chromosomes – (total 2 pairs) – chromatids – centromere – spindle – centriole – cell membrane SEATING CHART!!

24. Before we start the project… Review recent QUIZZES! Complete a reflection if you would like a better score… MANDATORY reflections for scores of 15 or less! Remember, to get points back, you must explain: A. What went wrong? B. What is now more clear? C. The correct answer.

25. 2/21/13 Entry Task Copy this timeline: Tuesday Feb 19 th – choose parts and write key; assemble parts Wednesday Feb 20 th – sketch one cell becoming 2 cells on large paper “game board; begin writing instructions Thursday and Friday February 21 st and 22 nd - complete instructions; underline words, practice with own model, make sure instructions are complete and would be “user friendly” for another group Monday February 25 th – ALL MODELS DUE!! Trade and evaluate another group’s model.

26. 2/22/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Please turn in your entry task sheets!

27. 2/25/13 Entry Task Compare the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells to the number of chromosomes in the mother cell. ANSWER: The daughter cells should end up with the exact number of chromosomes as the parent cell!!!

28. Today’s Work Finish Cell Division Models: “Game Board” – sketch of all stages of cell division on which parts of model can be moved INSTRUCTIONS – how to move the pieces of your model through the cell cycle. ALL VOCABULARY UNDERLINED. YOUR MODEL – Common objects to represent the parts of the cell - include a written key. Finished early? Start geranium root cell division! Back table…watch video first… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qgq9CFopd4c

29. 2/26/13 Entry Task Review rubric. What will you be graded on? What do you need to do in the next 25 minutes to get FOURS in each category? Review rubric

30. Today’s Work 25 minutes – Finish models: sketch “game board,” instructions, and parts of model. 20 minutes – trade and grade with another team. Other team MUST FILL OUT BOTTOM ROW OF RUBRIC! LAST 5 – all models turned in for Ms. Maring to grade

31. 2/27/13 Entry Task How do scientific ideas change over time? What influences the ideas?

32. Take Notes! You will be making a timeline from the information in this movie. NOTES: – WHO - people, – WHAT - contributions to scientific ideas AND political issues/ gender constraints of the era – WHERE - country where they conducted their work, – WHEN - YEAR(s) of effort – WHY – why was this discovery important?

33. 2/28/13 Entry Task What is a TIMELINE?

34. Discuss Answers A timeline is a graphic representation of the passage of time as a line. Either vertical like facebook or horizontal… EXAMPLE http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zr2Mh- uoWfg/T6BQf69mDLI/AAAAAAAACmk/l_QQlVJ- sis/s1600/Timeline_Inventions.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zr2Mh- uoWfg/T6BQf69mDLI/AAAAAAAACmk/l_QQlVJ- sis/s1600/Timeline_Inventions.jpg Often, past on the left…current on the right. Remember the spaces on the timeline should be even. For example if you want to span 200 years over 10 inches, every inch would be 20 years.

35. 3/1/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Please turn in your entry task sheets!

36. 3/4/13 Entry Task List THREE interesting people and their discoveries from the movie last week.

37. Today’s Work Complete movie. Discuss notes. Set up timeline. Complete your timeline with your partner.

38. – 1812 – Michael Faraday, electricity/magnetism, London, only gentleman are scientists – 1885 Einstein as a child – 1771 – Antoine Lavoisier, France, Conservation of Mass, French Revolution, he gets guillotine—disliked tax collector – 1897 Einstein in high school, poor student, fascinated by light – 1846 – Faraday realizes electricity and magnetism are connected, invents electric motor, names the “invisible light” electromagnetism – 1722- Emilie du Chatalay, France, before her time, translated Newton’s principia and realized he had made an error, velocity should be squared, fell in love with poet Voltaire, died at 43 – 1905 – Einstein’s miracle year, Germany, 5 papers, including E=mc2 in 3 pages – 1919 – Fame finds Einstein and he divorces Mileva, marries cousin – 1907 – Berlin, Germany; Lisa Meitner becomes first professor (1912)of physics – 1920-30 “Golden Age of Nuclear Research” – 1930’s – Nazis drive out Jewish intellectuals; Einstein leaves in 1933; Meitner barely escapes in 1938 – 1938 – Sweden, Robert Frisch (nephew) and Meitner “split the atom” realizing that lost mass is converted directly to energy during nuclear fission – 1942 Manhattan Project in US; bombs contain only a couple pounds of Uranium and Plutonium

39. Gaps in your Notes http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/ance stors-einstein.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/ance stors-einstein.html TIMELINE SCALE: 1 inch = 20 years ½ inch = 10 years ¼ inch = 5 years TIMESPAN: 1722-1942

40. 3/5/13 Entry Task Describe cell division using the vocabulary: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis, daughter cells.

41. Today’s Work Test and assess another team’s cell division model. Write your names on the rubric. Add some notes to accompany your assessment. Finished? Do the crossword on Inquiry Skills.

42. 3/6/13 Entry Task Take out your red standards sheets. Please assess yourself for standards: #1,7,8,9,10,19,24 and 25 in the WINTER column

43. ANSWERS

44. Today’s Work Get back your Semester 1 benchmark tests. DAY 1 – if you got 5 or less you are required to do a REFLECTION. DAY 2 – if you got 8 or less you are required to do a REFLECTION What do my grading marks mean? Review answers. Complete reflections…

45. 3/7/13 Entry Task Look at the first column of the scoring rubrics for Conclusions and Plan an Investigation. Which parts do you know best? Least? For the ones you know the least, write an explanation of it here!

46. ANSWERS EXTRA VALIDITY MEASURE – something you do EXTRA (like larger sample size or more trials) to be extra sure of your results. EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL CONDITION – the portion of the experiment which you do not change!

47. Today’s Work Today is the last day (for a while) to practice our inquiry skills. As you work, have your rubric next to you – get all the points! You will write a conclusion and have your table partner grade it using the rubric. You will also plan an investigation today or tomorrow and have your table partner grade it using the rubric.

48. 3/8/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Please turn in your entry task sheets. REMINDER – reflections on benchmark needed from: Day 1 – Jordan, Tylor, savannah, Sid C, Teiya, Rey, Keyshawn, Britt, Cody, Jessica, Tommy, Dylan Day 2 - EVERYONE

49. 3/11/13 Entry Task If you have turned in your reflection or did not need to, 2 free points! Good luck this week on HSPE!! Get out “How did that plant get here?” – plan your investigation

50. Missing steps… 1. Reflection Day 1 – Tylor, Savannah, Sid C, Dylan, Teiya, Keyshawn, Britt, Cody, Jessica, Tommy 2. Reflection Day 2 – Jordan, Trey, Savannah, Sid C, Teiya, Rey, Keyshawn, Cody, Jessica, Anna, Sid S, Kayley, Tommy, Dylan 3. Conclusion from last week – Jordan, Trey, Savannah, Sid C, Dylan, Keyshawn, Britt, Jessica, Kayley, Pat, Geraldine, Teiya 4. TODAY – Plan an investigation! 5. Finished early? Inquiry Skills Crossword

51. 3/18/13 Entry Task What is DNA? Where in your body is it? What is a nucleotide? Glossary definition! Consider the diagram on page 329 (top). What are the 3 main parts of a nucleotide?

52. Standards on DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid 13. I can describe how DNA molecules are long chains linking four subunits (smaller molecules) whose sequence encodes genetic information. EALR 4 LS1 14. I can illustrate the process by which gene sequences are copied to produce proteins. EALR 4 LS1

53. DNA structure NOTES pages 329-331 DNA structure Nucleotides It is the genetic material in the nucleus Nucleotides make up nucleic acids 2 kinds of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA DNA nucleotides: – Sugar deoxyribose – A phosphate – A nitrogen containing base Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine

54. Base pairing in DNA Chargaff’s Rule Silly memory trick: Amount of A = T Amount of G = C G’s and C’s are curvy letters so they go together A’s and T’s are straight letters so they go together

55. Structure of DNA Bases stick together with hydrogen bonds Phosphates (P) and sugars make the backbone of ladder Bases make the rungs. Twist into a spiral staircase or DOUBLE HELIX NOTE: the strands are opposite or antiparallel

56. X-ray diffraction Watson and Crick Rosalind Franklin took photograph 51 showing double helix Used Chargaff’s data, photograph 51, and built a model of DNA

57. 3/19/13 Entry Task If you were to build a model of DNA using candy as the parts of a nucleotide, what would some of the benefits and limitations of that model be? Consider size, substance, and function of real DNA and compare to your potential model.

58. ANSWERS Size of candy model would be WAY larger! Substance – similar because DNA has a sugar in it but DNA has deoxy ribose sugar. DNA also has smaller molecules like phosphate group and nitrogenous bases. DNA carries genetic information – tells each cell what to do!

59. Candy DNA Clean all surfaces Each group will need large paper, 3 orange, 3 green, 3 yellowish, 3 red gummi bears. 12 red licorice (phosphates), 12 black licorice (sugar deoxyribose), small handful toothpicks. Use instructions sheet and yesterday’s notes to build your DNA. You should work through #4 and show Ms. M. You will need to identify all parts: Sugar deoxyribose, phosphate, base (name them) and say matches, 5’ end, 3’ end, NO EATING SCIENCE PROJECTS (until you have shown Ms. M ) Answer focus question #1. Finished with steps 1-4 and Ms. Maring’s approval? You may each eat one nucleotide while you read and consider steps 6-8.

60. 3/20/13 Entry Task Explain base pairing in DNA. How was this represented in your models? How did we represent the chemical bonds holding the parts of DNA together? REMEMBER – DNA is a MACROMOLECULE (meaning large molecule) made up of long strands of connected smaller molecules.

61. ANSWERS Toothpicks (or drawn lines) represent chemical bonds. Base pairing A and T (adenine goes with thymine) and G and C (guanine goes with cytosine). We represented base pairing with gummy bear colors matching – We had green go with orange and yellowish went with red.

62. 3/21/13 Entry Task Remember the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis). During which part of the cell cycle does the DNA REPLICATE? Hint – try page 249.

63. Today’s Work Take notes on DNA replication Work on missing work based on missing work sheets.

64. DNA Replication Notes Semiconservative replication Enzyme: Helicase Enzyme: DNA polymerase Means parent strand serve as template for daughters Unwinds and unzips DNA Adds matching nucleotides (A=T and G=C) starting at 3’ ends

65. Leading and lagging Leading: One side replicates continuously (3’ to 5’ direction bottom of “zipper” up) Lagging: The other side replicates in small chunks or Okazaki fragments (3’ to 5’ direction which means inside of “zipper” down)

66. 3/22/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Please turn in your entry task sheets. Graph benchmark scores on inquiry skills. Review notes. Begin modeling DNA replication.

67. Inquiry Skills – have your scores improved this year? Graph your fall and winter benchmark scores based on the information Ms. Maring gives you. {NOTE: your may use the fall graph from the back of the red standards pages…then complete the winter scores} Hand me your graphs – I will give them to your advisor. You may use these as “best works” at your conference.

68. 3/25/13 Entry Task What does the word REPLICATION mean? If a nucleotide had a GUANINE base, which base would the matching nucleotide have? WRITE MATCHES FOR THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE: AATAGC

69. ANSWERS Replication means to make a copy! CYTOSINE TTATCG Please get out your notes and project sheet.

70. DNA replication Show DNA replication using your 3 remaining paired PARENT nucleotides. Show unzipping using DNA helicase. Show replication by building and matching new nucleotides on the inside of the zipper. REMEMBER: always add nucleotides in the 3’ to 5’ direction!! Before eating, show Ms. M your semiconservative replication – POINT to the parent strands and daughter strands and explain that the daughters were constructed in opposite directions. You may consume

71. 3/26/13 Entry Task Using words like “inside” and “outside,” explain where the daughter strands get built? How is the parent strand like a template?

72. ANSWERS The parent strands UNZIP and the daughter strands are built on the inside of BOTH parent strands. The parent strand is like a template because the daughter nucleotides MATCH (we know that cytosine matches guanine and thymine matches adenine)

73. DNA replication Show DNA replication using your 3 remaining paired PARENT nucleotides. Show unzipping using DNA helicase. Show replication by building and matching new nucleotides on the inside of the zipper. REMEMBER: always add nucleotides in the 3’ to 5’ direction!! Before eating, show Ms. M your semiconservative replication – POINT to the parent strands and daughter strands and explain that the daughters were constructed in opposite directions. You may consume

74. 3/27/13 Entry Task After replication, compare the two new strands of DNA. Are they the same or different? How? NOTE – all missing work due FRIDAY! End of Quarter is 2 days after spring break…

75. ANSWERS The parent strands unzipped using DNA helicase. Next daughter nucleotides were built to match the parent nucleotides. The TWO NEW STRANDS ARE IDENTICAL TO THE ORIGINAL PARENT STRAND!!!!!!

76. Today’s Work Complete replication if you have not. Answer 5 questions at bottom of DNA project page. Turn in project page. Turn in your notes. Missing work time.

77. 3/28/13 Entry Task Red standards sheets #13. Please self assess in Spring column! Write a short reflection on what you now understand about the structure of DNA. TOMORROW LAST DAY FOR MISSING WORK!

78. Today… Watch video on DNA REPLICATION as reviewDNA REPLICATION Play Jeopardy Missing work if failing…

79. 3/28/13 Entry Task – Thursday Why do you think the analogy of DNA as a cell’s instruction manual is a good idea? Reread page 336. Today we will begin discussing how proteins are made using the instructions of DNA

80. 3/29/13 Entry Task Please turn in entry task sheets. Get stuff out for QUIZ. SAY SOMETHING NICE AFTER QUIZ!! If you get a packet, work on it after quiz!!

81. 4/8/13 Entry Task Calculate your quiz percentage. If you got 14 or less, you are required to complete a reflection. If you do not need or want to do a reflection, please quietly read pages 372-379.

82. 4/9/13 Entry Task Read the section “Central Dogma” on page 336. What is the central dogma?

83. Standards and Objectives I can illustrate the process by which gene sequences are copied to produce proteins. EALR 4 LS1

84. Today’s Work We just finished showing how DNA gets copied so a cell can divide and end up with the same amount. Now we will look at DNA’s “job” –it contains the secret code, or instruction manual for making proteins. The DNA inside every cell, does its job every day. There are a number of steps: 1.DNA is transcribed to mRNA (rewritten) 2.mRNA is translated by a ribosome 3.tRNA brings the amino acids to form a chain, or protein. LOOK AT PAGE 339.

85. DNA transciption and translation Watch a video and take notes.video and take notes Watch an animation of the process.animation What did you learn? Write a short reflection on the “job” of DNA and how it is read to turn into proteins which become YOU!

86. Biology 4/10/13 Entry Task – Wednesday Write a short reflection on the “job” of DNA and how it is read to turn into proteins which become YOU! Today we will begin our mRNA necklaces which are encoded to spell your name

87. Today’s Work Write the name your mRNA necklace will code for (probably your name). “Work backwards” to figure out the DNA strand this came from. What color and how many beads will you need? Learn the knots!

88. 4/11/13 Entry Task Compare the chart of codons on page 338 to your chart of codons on your project sheet. What do codons normally code for? What do your codons code for? How is letters forming words a good analogy for amino acids forming proteins?

89. Answers Codons (or 3 bases of mRNA) code for an amino acid. In our model, a codon (or 3 beads representing 3 bases of mRNA) codes for a letter in our name. Letters have to be put in the right order to form the right word just like amino acids are put together in the right order to form a protein.

90. 4/12/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Please turn in your entry task sheets!

91. 4/15/13 Entry Task Which comes first? DNA or protein? Explain the process from DNA to protein.

92. Answers DNA starts the process and it is in the nucleus Transcription changes it to mRNA Then it goes out to the cytoplasm and the ribosomes (protein “factory”) Where translation occurs Then tRNA transfers the amino acids to make a chain The chain is a protein

93. Today’s Work Finish necklaces and answer questions on worksheet. You will be graded on completion of your necklace and a completed worksheet. ALSO, turn in your “Central Dogma” notes!!! Read and take notes for the lab we will do tomorrow. NOTE: I have small rings if you would like to hang your DNA as a pendant from your mRNA necklace.

94. 4/17/13 Entry Task On a scale of 1 to 4, how well do you understand this standard at this point? I can explain that regulation of cell functions can occur by changing the activity of proteins within cells and/or by changing whether and how often particular genes are expressed.

95. Today’s Work Check DNA – DO NOT SHAKE!!!! With a pipette, carefully suck the DNA out and place in pendant. Add some of the clear alcohol (top layer of liquid) as a preservative. Put the ring around the hinge OR a piece of embroidery thread. This can go on your necklace… BE SURE YOUR NECKLACE COMPLETION IS IN GRADEBOOK. Answer questions together… Finished? Next assignment…

96. Gene Regulation and Expression I can explain that regulation of cell functions can occur by changing the activity of proteins within cells and/or by changing whether and how often particular genes are expressed. EALR 4 LS1 READ PAGES 32 and 33 in the purple book. Answer the following questions: Explain the term “differentiation” and how this helps tune a cell to perform a particular job. Compare and contrast two kinds of cells in the body and the different proteins each makes. Go to http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/protein http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/protein List the 3 types of proteins and their functions.

97. DNA extraction lab Read the background and information section. We will work through the steps of the lab together. The “solution station” will be at the front lab station. Please throw away your cups after use. You may either tie the DNA pendant to your mRNA necklace OR tie it onto a piece of embroidery thread.

98. Biology 4/16/13 Entry Task What are genes—how are they related to DNA and proteins? How do you think different cells specialize to do their job if they all contain the SAME DNA?

99. Biology 4/18/13 Entry Task Use your book to find these answers… What is meiosis? It sounds like mitosis but is significantly different – how?

100. Answers Meiosis is the making of sperm and eggs. From ONE PARENT cell FOUR reproductive cells are made (vs TWO daughter cells in mitosis) Daughter cells after mitotic cell division are IDENTICAL to their parent. When you have MEIOTIC cell division the resulting cells are DIFFERENT from the parent cell. The resulting cells have ½ the genetics.

101. Standards I can describe and model the process of meiosis in which egg and sperm cells are formed with only one set of chromosomes from each parent cell. EALR 4 LS1 I can model and explain the process of genetic recombination that may occur during meiosis and how this then results in differing characteristics in offspring. EALR 4 LS1 I can describe the process of fertilization that restores the original chromosome number while reshuffling the genetic information, allowing for variation among offspring. EALR 4 LS1

102. 4/19/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Please turn in your entry task sheets!!

103. 4/22/13 Entry Task There is another kind of cell division called MEIOSIS. Write a definition of meiosis IN YOUR OWN WORDS! Meiosis Video – first watch answer focus questions and take notes. Second watch – pause and use models to show crossing over and recombination

104. Meiosis – how reproductive CELLS are made This is a different kind of division. Results in sperm or egg which have only HALF the genetic information. FERTILIZATION: ½ mother’s genetics + ½ father’s genetics = 1 cell with all the genetic informationhttp://www.sumanasinc.com/webco ntent/animations/content/meiosis.htmlhttp://www.sumanasinc.com/webco ntent/animations/content/meiosis.html

105. Meiosis Use a model to show how sperm/eggs have ½ the number of chromosomes as parent cells. Show crossing over – DNA is “mixed” among the pairs. Focus Questions: What is the result of meiosis? Where in the human body would this occur? Which cells in the body are diploid? Which cells in the body are haploid? Organisms inherit DNA from their parents. Why is it important that reproductive cells have ½ the DNA of a regular cell?

106. 4/23/13 Entry Task Take out your red sheets. Assess your progress on standards: 13, 14, 18, 20,21 Next topic: GENETICS

107. Today’s Work Much of this will be recall from last year and we’ll take it further (faster! ). Take Punnett Square notes Punnett square practice – due tomorrow!.

108. 4/24/13 Entry Task If a parent cell had 46 chromosomes, how many would the gamete cell (egg or sperm) have? Make Dragon Babies!

109. 4/25/13 Entry Task Read the section “Genes in pairs” on page 278. How are genes and alleles related? If T is dominant ability to roll tongue and t is recessive inability to roll tongue, what is the genotype of a person who cannot roll their tongue?

110. Answers Alleles are alternative forms of a single gene. Tt = roll tongue TT = roll tongue Tt = CANNOT roll tongue

111. 4/26/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Please turn in your entry task sheets!!

112. 4/29/13 Entry Task What would the possible gametes be from RrYy? Do a punnett square for RrYy x RrYy. R is dominant for round peas over wrinkled. Y is dominant for Yellow peas over green. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabe e/biobk/dihyb2.gif ANSWERS http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabe e/biobk/dihyb2.gif

113. Today’s Work Dragon Babies: EACH student should have 4 autosomal chromosomes AND 1 sex chromosome. Write down genotype for each chromosome (front and back) for Mom and Dad. Flipping the chrosomes represents meiosis. The side facing up goes in egg/sperm. Recombine alleles to get genotype for baby for each trait. Look at chart to determine phenotype.

114. 4/30/13 Entry Task: In the dragon environment, one of their favorite and most abundant prey animals is a turtle whose shell can only be split by fire. Which dragon babies are more likely to survive and reproduce? Over generations, do you think fire breathing will increase or decrease? What might happen to the non-fire breathing dragons? On the other side of the mountains, turtles have gone extinct but birds are abundant. Which trait would you expect in dragons there?

115. Today’s Work Draw your dragons. Label each trait. Work on the questions on the last page. Each team will turn in a completed drawing and completed dragon packet.

116. 5/1/13 What is the genotype for a heterozygous tall and hairy tomato plant, where the dominant gene is T for tall and H for hairy? What is the genotype for a dwarf and hairless tomato plant? CROSS:

117. One more practice: Two trait crosses Cross: FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last). To figure out the four types of gametes. Place one parent’s gametes along top, other parent’s gametes along side. Genotypes: Phenotypes:

118. Today’s Work Go over dragon questions. One more practice: Two Trait crosses. Finished early? Read text of sections 15.1 and 15.2. Complete review questions at the end of EACH section

119. 5/2/13 Entry Task Google or look in a biology book: What is a genome? Today’s Work: read the short article: Coelacanth Genes Mapped, "Living Fossil" Evolved Slowly. THEN, read as much as you can of the original scientific article, “The African Coelacanth Genome Provides Insights into TetraPod Evolution.” Do an article summary on one of the articles. Double points if you do the more difficult article!!

120. 5/3/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice Turn in your entry task sheets!! QUIZ on Meiosis and Genetics MONDAY!

121. Today’s Work Be sure the following are turned in: – Meiosis Questions – Punnett Notes and Worksheet – Dragon Packet (EACH PERSON) and drawing (one per group) – Punnett Practice “One more time” – Coelecanth Article Summary QUIZ STUDY QUESTIONS (due with Quiz on Monday) Use these pages of the book: p.269-276 AND p. 277-282.