1. Civil Rights Movement Opener (10 min): – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4PqLKWuwyU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4PqLKWuwyU – What are the arguments for and against non-violent protest? – Who do you agree with more and why? Non Violent Resistance vs. Black Power Movement Notes (20 min) Civil Rights Project Intro (20 min) HW: 29.3 and 30.1

2. Civil Rights Movement: Nonviolence to Black Power Two kinds of Segregation: – De jure segregation: Segregation based on laws More common in the South – De facto segregation: Segregation based on norms and customs More common in the North

3. MLK and Nonviolence Martin Luther King: – Believes in integration and building coalition of black and white activists. Nonviolent Protest: – Def. the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, and other methods, without using violence. – Based on Ghandi’s methods in India How it works? – Intense training in Non-violent strategy – Provoke the opponent – Televised and viewed by the public – Builds sympathy from the average person

4. Non-violent Organizations: CORE: The Congress of Racial Equality SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference (led by MLK) SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (at first…)

5. Examples of Non-violent Protests Montgomery Bus Boycott Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-ins – Sit in restaurant until they are served Freedom Riders – White and black riders travel together from state to state to desegregate public transportation

6. Success of Nonviolent Protest Civil Rights Act of 1957 authorized the federal government to prosecute anyone interfering with another person’s right to vote Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination in public accommodations (restaurants and stores) outlawed unequal voting requirements barred discrimination in employment based on race, gender, religion, or national origin applied federal power to speed integration of schools and other public facilities Voting Rights Act of 1965 suspended literacy tests and other devices used to exclude black voters authorized federal supervision of voter registration Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act) banned racial discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of housing made harming civil rights workers a federal crime (Passed as reaction to MLK’s assassination)

7. Failures of Nonviolent Protest Nonviolent Protest was mainly used to challenge de jure (by law) segregation in the south, but it had little impact on the de facto (in fact) segregation that plagued northern cities Symptoms of de facto segregation: – Housing segregation – Poverty – Unemployment – Police Brutality Non-violent protest is exhausting

8. Malcolm X-Black Power Movement Malcolm X preaches that black people should abandon integration and focus on separatism and self-reliance. Does not believe in Non-violent Protest- – “I think if there’s going to be a flowing of blood, it should be reciprocal. Black people shouldn’t be willing to bleed unless white people are willing to bleed.”

9. SNCC- Transition from Nonviolence to Black Power Movement James Meredith plans a 220 mile march against fear in 1966 (to promote black vote). He is shot on day two. In the following march many members of SNCC are arrested. This causes Stokely Carmichael to transform SNCC to a Black Power organization– white members kicked out (c. 1966).

10. Black Panthers Black Panthers are formed by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in 1966 Key demands: – Black control of black neighborhoods – Arm the black community – Full employment – Decent housing – Exemption from the draft Programs: – Day care – Free lunch – Educate the public about their legal rights

11. Reaction to Black Panthers J. Edgar Hoover of the FBI announces that “the Black Panther Party, without question, represents the greatest threat to internal security of the country” Chicago Black Panther Freddy Hampton is shot in his bed by police Most Black Panthers were arrested and imprisoned