1. U.S. History Chapter 17 Lecture Notes

2. A New Era of Reform 1.Political reform movement aimed at protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency within the government. 1.Political reform movement aimed at protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency within the government. The Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement

3. Reformers act on Child Labor, Alcohol, and economic corruption 2.Appointed chief inspector of factories for the state of Illinois, she was focused on improving the lives of women and children. 2.Appointed chief inspector of factories for the state of Illinois, she was focused on improving the lives of women and children. Florence Kelly Florence Kelly 3.Law passed in Illinois that banned child labor and limited the working hours of women. 3.Law passed in Illinois that banned child labor and limited the working hours of women. Illinois Factory Act of 1893 Illinois Factory Act of 1893 4.A proposed ban on manufacturing, transporting, and sale of alcohol. 4.A proposed ban on manufacturing, transporting, and sale of alcohol. Prohibition (Temperance Movement) Prohibition (Temperance Movement) 5.Led by Carrie Nation, this organization spearheaded the drive for prohibition of alcohol. 5.Led by Carrie Nation, this organization spearheaded the drive for prohibition of alcohol. Women’s Christian Temperance Union Women’s Christian Temperance Union 6.Founder of the American Socialist Party, a radical political group focused on the uneven balance between Big Business, the government, and ordinary people. 6.Founder of the American Socialist Party, a radical political group focused on the uneven balance between Big Business, the government, and ordinary people. Eugene V. Debs Eugene V. Debs

4. Key members of the Reform Movement 7.Progressive Journalists that focused their stories on government corruption and the abuses of the consumer by Big Business. 7.Progressive Journalists that focused their stories on government corruption and the abuses of the consumer by Big Business. Muckrakers Muckrakers 8.Muckraker that attacked the practices of the Standard Oil Company. 8.Muckraker that attacked the practices of the Standard Oil Company. Ida M. Tarbell Ida M. Tarbell 17.Leading advocate for women’s suffrage (their right to vote) in the mid-1800’s. 17.Leading advocate for women’s suffrage (their right to vote) in the mid-1800’s. Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony 18.Wrote The Jungle, detailing the unsanitary conditions in the nation’s meatpacking plants, led to passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act. 18.Wrote The Jungle, detailing the unsanitary conditions in the nation’s meatpacking plants, led to passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act. Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair

5. Other Members of the Reform Movement 9.Lawyer who defended laws limiting the working hours for women by citing data provided by social scientists showing the cost of long hours on the health and welfare of women. 9.Lawyer who defended laws limiting the working hours for women by citing data provided by social scientists showing the cost of long hours on the health and welfare of women. Louis Brandeis Louis Brandeis 10.Employed time and motion studies to improve factory efficiency. These types of studies became part of what was known as “Scientific Management”. 10.Employed time and motion studies to improve factory efficiency. These types of studies became part of what was known as “Scientific Management”. Frederick Winslow Taylor Frederick Winslow Taylor 11.Began to be employed in the factories, improved efficiency, but required people to work like machines. 11.Began to be employed in the factories, improved efficiency, but required people to work like machines. Assembly Lines Assembly Lines 15.Investigated the plight of children working in the factories, showed that child labor contributed to low wages for all workers. 15.Investigated the plight of children working in the factories, showed that child labor contributed to low wages for all workers. National Child Labor Committee National Child Labor Committee

6. Governmental Reform at the State and Local Levels 12.New form of local government employed in Galveston, Texas after a massive hurricane disrupted the previous government’s ability to provide for its citizens. 12.New form of local government employed in Galveston, Texas after a massive hurricane disrupted the previous government’s ability to provide for its citizens. Commission Form Commission Form 13.New form of local government employed by Dayton, Ohio after a massive flood disrupted the previous government’s ability to provide for its citizens. 13.New form of local government employed by Dayton, Ohio after a massive flood disrupted the previous government’s ability to provide for its citizens. Council-Manager Form Council-Manager Form 14.Reform-minded, Progressive Governor of Wisconsin, led the way in efforts to regulate Big Business. 14.Reform-minded, Progressive Governor of Wisconsin, led the way in efforts to regulate Big Business. Robert M. La Follette Robert M. La Follette Oregon and Wisconsin were the two most Progressive States in the United States during the Progressive Era. Oregon and Wisconsin were the two most Progressive States in the United States during the Progressive Era.

7. Constitutional Amendments of the Progressive Era 16.Constitutional amendment that provided for the direct election of United States Senators by the American people. 16.Constitutional amendment that provided for the direct election of United States Senators by the American people. 17 th Amendment 17 th Amendment 30.Constitutional amendment that legalized the use of a graduated income tax by the Federal Government. 30.Constitutional amendment that legalized the use of a graduated income tax by the Federal Government. 16 th Amendment 16 th Amendment 34.Constitutional Amendment that granted women the right to vote in national elections. 34.Constitutional Amendment that granted women the right to vote in national elections. 19 th Amendment 19 th Amendment

8. The Government Takes Action on Reform 20.Two Acts of Congress that were aimed at regulating the Railroads. 20.Two Acts of Congress that were aimed at regulating the Railroads. Hepburn Act Hepburn Act Elkin Act Elkin Act 21.Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for “truth in labeling”. 21.Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for “truth in labeling”. Pure Food and Drug Act Pure Food and Drug Act 27.Act of Congress designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act and regulate Big Business. 27.Act of Congress designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act and regulate Big Business. Clayton Anti-Trust Act Clayton Anti-Trust Act 29.Act of Congress that reduced tariff rates and forced the government to seek an alternative source of revenue. 29.Act of Congress that reduced tariff rates and forced the government to seek an alternative source of revenue. The Underwood Act The Underwood Act 28.Set up to act as a “watchdog” for Big Business, it was to investigate violations of regulatory acts and to watch for unfair business practices. 28.Set up to act as a “watchdog” for Big Business, it was to investigate violations of regulatory acts and to watch for unfair business practices. Federal Trade Commission Federal Trade Commission

9. Teddy Roosevelt takes the Progressive Movement National 19.President Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive agenda, featured attempts to break up the monopolies, defense of labor unions, regulation of the railroads, protecting the health of the American public, and the conservation of natural resources. 19.President Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive agenda, featured attempts to break up the monopolies, defense of labor unions, regulation of the railroads, protecting the health of the American public, and the conservation of natural resources. The Square Deal The Square Deal 22.Head of the U.S. Forest Service under President Roosevelt, led Roosevelt’s conservation efforts. 22.Head of the U.S. Forest Service under President Roosevelt, led Roosevelt’s conservation efforts. Gifford Pinchot Gifford Pinchot

10. The fight for Civil Rights begins to build 23.Organization founded by African Americans, led by W.E.B. Du Bois, and White reformers to fight for total equality for African Americans in the United States. 23.Organization founded by African Americans, led by W.E.B. Du Bois, and White reformers to fight for total equality for African Americans in the United States. NAACP NAACP

11. The Progressive Movement Falters, then Rebounds 24.Under this President the Progressive Movement faltered, prompting Theodore Roosevelt to return and run for a third term as President. 24.Under this President the Progressive Movement faltered, prompting Theodore Roosevelt to return and run for a third term as President. William Howard Taft William Howard Taft 25.When Theodore Roosevelt failed to win the Republican Party’s nomination he formed the Progressive Party, also known by this nickname. 25.When Theodore Roosevelt failed to win the Republican Party’s nomination he formed the Progressive Party, also known by this nickname. The Bull Moose Party The Bull Moose Party 26.Won the Election of 1912, he was a Progressive Democrat, revitalized the Progressive Movement. 26.Won the Election of 1912, he was a Progressive Democrat, revitalized the Progressive Movement. Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson

12. Woodrow Wilson’s biggest Progressive Achievement 31.One of Woodrow Wilson’s greatest achievements, it still functions as the basis for our nation’s banking system. It created 12 banking districts with a Central Bank for each district. The Federal Reserve banks could issue paper money in emergencies and make loans to banks in trouble to protect deposits. 31.One of Woodrow Wilson’s greatest achievements, it still functions as the basis for our nation’s banking system. It created 12 banking districts with a Central Bank for each district. The Federal Reserve banks could issue paper money in emergencies and make loans to banks in trouble to protect deposits. The Federal Reserve The Federal Reserve

13. The culmination of the Women’s Rights Movement 32.President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, she took the drive for women’s suffrage (right to vote) to the national level. 32.President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, she took the drive for women’s suffrage (right to vote) to the national level. Carrie Chapman Catt Carrie Chapman Catt 33.Disgruntled by NAWSA’s failures, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns founded this organization. They picketed the White House, some members were arrested, and organized hunger strikes to pressure Washington to pass a Women’s Suffrage law. 33.Disgruntled by NAWSA’s failures, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns founded this organization. They picketed the White House, some members were arrested, and organized hunger strikes to pressure Washington to pass a Women’s Suffrage law. The National Women’s Party The National Women’s Party

14. The End of the Progressive Movement 35. Ultimately this event distracted the American public and caused the end of the Progressive Movement. 35. Ultimately this event distracted the American public and caused the end of the Progressive Movement. World War I World War I