1. Political Science The systematic study of government and politics.

2. Early Reflections on Politics 2700-2200 BCE Egyptian Pharaoh’s had absolute power. Constrained by Thoth (wisdom) and Maat (truth).

3. Islamic World Caliphs (Leader) - Guided by Qu’ran (Muslim Holy Book) and religious experts.

4. China China’s examination system linked leadership with good behaviour Confucius also said that a leader should not exploit his people, for he is hurting himself.

5. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) Early modern political scientist Broke from ethics as being important to politics “It’s better to be feared than to be loved.” Believed a leader should do whatever is necessary to maintain authority.

6. Three Influential Thinkers on Political Science The three following philosophers all advocated some form of a “social contract” between the ruled and the ruler(s). Thomas Hobbes John Locke Jean Jacque Rousseau

7. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Lived in time of civil war Advocated absolutism in the form of a dictator Wrote Leviathan People willingly give up their rights and powers to one individual in exchange for peace, security, and the rule of law

8. John Locke 1632-1704 Advocated constitutionalism There is a contract between governor and governed People have right to life, liberty and property Influential in American Revolution

9. Jean Jacque Rousseau (1712-1778) “Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.” Felt society corrupts the natural goodness of humans. Advocated a renewed contract between people and ruler Was not greatly in favour of private property Influential in French Revolution

10. Adam Smith (1723-1790) Social philosopher, economist. Wrote Wealth of Nations where he advocated a free market economy with minimal government interference Still influential today

11. What would each of the previous thinkers have said about the recent, and current, Financial Crisis?