1. Rock Notes- 3 types of Rock

3. Rock Notes A) Rock- a mixture of minerals and other materials
Mineral- a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystal structure and definite chemical make up
The basic building blocks of rocks are minerals.

4. 1) Igneous rock- forms from the cooling of molten rock (magma or lava)
B) Rock Classification: Origin- rocks are mainly classified by how they are formed
1) Igneous rock- forms from the cooling of molten rock (magma or lava)
Extrusive Rock- igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface; basalt is the most common extrusive rock
Intrusive Rock- igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath Earth’s surface; granite is the most common intrusive rock

5. Igneous Rocks….. (i) Fine-grained- rapid cooling
©Texture- depends on the size and shape of the mineral crystals
(i) Fine-grained- rapid cooling
(ii) Glassy- rapid cooling
(iii) Coarse, large, or medium grained- slow cooling; the slower magma cools, the larger the crystals

6. Sedimentary Rock
(2) Sedimentary rock- forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
Processes that turn sediment to rock
(i) Weathering- breaks rock down into sediment
(ii) Erosion- moving of sediment to a new location
(iii) Deposition- dropping of sediment
(iv) Compaction- presses sediment together
(v) Cementation- dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together

7. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
(i) Clastic- a sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments squeeze together like shale, sandstone, and conglomerate
(ii) Organic- forms when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers like coal and limestone
(iii) Chemical- form when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize or from mineral deposits that are left when seas or lakes evaporate like rock salt

8. Metamorphic rock
Metamorphic rock- formed when an existing rock is changed by heat and/ or pressure
(a) Foliated- grains arranged in parallel layers or bands like slate, schist, and gneiss
(b) Nonfoliated- mineral grains are arranged randomly like marble and quartzite

9. Rock Cycle
C) Rock Cycle- forces inside the Earth and at the surface produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rock in the crust; the series of processes on and beneath Earth’s surface that slowly change the rock from one kind to another
(1) Any rock can change into another type of rock; rocks of the same type can turn into a new rock of that type

10. Look at these pictures of rocks.
How are they different?
How are they the same?

11. ROCKS

12. IGNEOUS ROCKS
GRANITE
BASALT CLIFFS
GABBRO

15. HOW ARE IGNEOUS ROCKS FORMED ?

16. Igneous Rocks – ‘fire rocks’
Igneous rocks are made either underground or above ground.

17. Igneous Rocks – ‘fire rocks’
Underground: melted rock, called magma, cools slowly and becomes igneous rocks. (Intrusive)

18. Igneous Rocks – ‘fire rocks’
Above ground: volcanoes erupt, bringing magma to the earth's surface, it is called lava. The lava cools and becomes igneous rocks. (extrusive)

19. Igneous Rocks – ‘fire rocks’
Granite
Basalt
Pumice

20. HOW ARE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FORMED ?

21. HOW ARE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FORMED ?

22. Sedimentary Rocks – ‘sandwich rocks’
For millions of years, little pieces of our earth (called sediments) have been broken down by wind and water.

23. Sedimentary Rock – ‘sandwich rocks’
These little bits of our earth are washed to the bottom of the rivers, lakes, and oceans where they settle.

24. Sedimentary Rock – ‘sandwich rocks’
Many layers of small pieces of earth collect on top of each other in layers. These layers are pressed down more and more until the bottom layers slowly turn into hard rock.

25. Sedimentary Rock – ‘sandwich rocks’
Limestone
Coal
Sandstone

26. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
LIMESTONE
CHALK
COAL

27. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
MARBLE
SLATE
GNEISS

28. HOW ARE METAMORPHIC ROCKS FORMED ?

29. Metamorphic Rock – ‘changing rocks’
Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have "morphed" or changed into another kind of rock. These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks.

30. Metamorphic Rock – ‘changing rock’
Millions of tons of heat and pressure have made these rocks change.

31. Metamorphic Rock – ‘changing rock’
Marble
Slate
Quartzite

37. ROCK TYPES Basalt Limestone Marble Granite Sandstone Slate Rhyolite
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Basalt
Limestone
Marble
Granite
Sandstone
Slate
Rhyolite
Coal
Gneiss
Gabbro
Mudstone
Schist