1. Napoleon’s advances in Germany in the early 1800s had the effect of
Benchmark Question 1:
Napoleon’s advances in Germany in the early 1800s had the effect of
a) disintegrating German unity
b) sparking German nationalism
c) tightening laws against Jews
d) making trade more difficult

2. B. sign of a country’s relative power
Benchmark Ques #2:
At the end of the 1800’s, colonies were generally seen as a
A. place to banish criminals
B. sign of a country’s relative power
C. location to train military forces
D. method for suppressing nationalism

6. Nationalism
Aggressive Pride

7. Nationalism

8. Nationalism

9. France Otto von Bismarck Austria-Hungary German Empire Independent
Denmark
Schleswig
Prussian Chancellor
Otto von
Bismarck
Holstein
Prussia
Berlin
Independent
German
States
Prussia
Austria-Hungary
German Empire
Lorraine
France
Alsace

10. France Otto von Bismarck Austria-Hungary German Empire Independent
Makes Alliance with
Austria-Hungary
Denmark
Schleswig
Prussian Chancellor
Otto von
Bismarck
Holstein
Prussia
Berlin
Independent
German
States
Prussia
Austria-Hungary
German Empire
Lorraine
France
Alsace

11. France Otto von Bismarck Austria-Hungary German Empire 2. 1864:
declares war
on Denmark
: Bismarck
Makes Alliance with
Austria-Hungary
Denmark
Schleswig
Prussian Chancellor
Otto von
Bismarck
Holstein
Prussia
Berlin
Independent
German
States
Prussia
Austria-Hungary
German Empire
Lorraine
France
Alsace

12. France Otto von Bismarck Austria-Hungary German Empire 2. 1864:
declares war
on Denmark
: Bismarck
Makes Alliance with
Austria-Hungary
Denmark
Schleswig
Prussian Chancellor
Otto von
Bismarck
Holstein
Prussia :
Bismarck declares
War On
Austria-Hungary
Berlin
Independent
German
States
Prussia
Austria-Hungary
German Empire
Lorraine
France
Alsace

13. Nationalism and Liberalism France Otto von Bismarck Austria-Hungary:
Bismarck
declares war
on Denmark
Nationalism
and
Liberalism
: Bismarck
Makes Alliance with
Austria-Hungary
Denmark
Schleswig
Prussian Chancellor
Otto von
Bismarck
Holstein
Prussia :
Bismarck declares
War On
Austria-Hungary
Berlin
Independent
German
States
Prussia
Austria-Hungary
Lorraine
German Empire :
Bismarck forces
France to declare
War :
Bismarck forces
France to declare
War
France
Alsace

14. German Empire
1871

15. Nationalism Liberalism Vocabulary Aggressive pride in one’s country
Belief in making social change to improve the lives of people.
The ideas of Nationalism and Liberalism caused people to rebel against the old order
Realpolitik,
Realistic politics based on the needs of the state.
Annex
To take or add territory
Kaiser
Emperor = dictator
Reich
Empire

16. Building a German Nation1
Building a German Nation
What early changes promoted German unity?
How did Bismarck unify Germany?
What was the basic political organization of the new German empire?

17. Steps Toward German Unity1
Between 1807 and 1812, Napoleon conquered German-speaking lands.
Problem
Divided German speaking people
Caused
Germans nationalism (strong and aggressive pride in nationality)
Germans began to demand a unified German state.
In 1848 Germans offered their throne to Frederick William IV of Prussia, but he refused it.
No united Germany at this point

18. How did Bismarck unify Germany?2
How did Bismarck unify Germany?
In 1862, Otto von Bismarck was made chancellor of Prussia.
Bismarck
Bismarck was a master of Realpolitik.
Bismarck strengthened the army.
Why strengthen the army?
Bismarck

19. How did Bismarck unify Germany?2
How did Bismarck unify Germany?
In 1864, Bismarck made an alliance with Austria.
War with Denmark
Took Schleswig and Holstein from Denmark.
In 1866, Bismarck turns on Austria
He annexed, or took several northern German states.
In 1870, Bismarck went to war with France.
Took back German land from France (Napoleon)

20. Unification of Germany, 1865–18713
Unification of Germany, 1865–1871

21. In the 1830s, Prussia created an economic union among German states called the
North German Confederation
Zollverein
Wolfenburg
Reichstag
German nationalist celebrated the birth of the ____________ in January of 1871.
Second Reich
Realpolitik
Bundesrat
kaiser
Bismarck was the master of ____________ when evaluating the needs of the state.
Universe
Realpolitic
Zollerein
German Confederation

22. Unification of Germany, 1865–18713
Unification of Germany, 1865–1871

23. In the 1830s, Prussia created an economic union among German states called the
North German Confederation
Zollverein
Wolfenburg
Reichstag
German nationalist celebrated the birth of the ____________ in January of 1871.
Second Reich (2nd Empire)
Realpolitik
Bundesrat
kaiser
Bismarck was the master of ____________ when evaluating the needs of the state.
Universe
Realpolitic
Zollerein
German Confederation

24. Ch 5 Sec 2 Strengthening Germany
Who was the Iron Chancellor?
Bismarck
Which 2 groups did the Bismarck target as a threat to German Unity?
Catholic Church, and Socialists
Why did Bismarck distrust the Catholic Church?
They gave their loyalty to the Pope.

25. Ch 5 Sec 2 Strengthening Germany
What was Bismarck’s goal for the Catholics?
For them to put Germany’s loyalty ahead of the Church.
Who became the new Kaiser/emperor in 1888?
William II (Reich=Empire)
What did William II want Bismarck to do in 1890?
To quit or resign

26. Ch 5 Sec 2 Strengthening Germany
What did William II believe in?
Divine right of kings
Hated democracy
What policies did William II introduce?
Cheap transportation
Excellent educational system
Social welfare

27. The Iron Chancellor Foreign policy goals:2
The Iron Chancellor
Called the Iron Chancellor, Bismarck applied ruthless methods to achieve his goals.
Foreign policy goals:
Bismarck wanted to keep France weak while building strong links with Austria.
Bismarck competed with Britain for colonies to expand Germany’s overseas empire.
Domestic goals:
Bismarck sought to erase local loyalties and crush all opposition to the imperial state. He targeted the Catholic Church and the socialists, both of which he saw as a threat to the new German state.

28. 2
Kaiser William II
When William II came to power, he wanted to put his own stamp on Germany. During his reign, he
asked Bismarck to resign
Because of divine right of kings
believed that his right to rule came from God.
resisted efforts to introduce democratic reforms.
provided services, such as programs for social welfare, cheap transportation, and electricity.
spent heavily on the German military machine.
launched an ambitious campaign to expand the German navy and win an overseas empire.

30. Neuschwantstein (built under Ludwig II)

33. 2
Section 2 Assessment
Which groups did Bismarck view as a threat to the new German state?
a) peasants and merchants b) industrialists and Catholics
c) Catholics and socialists d) the army and nobles
Kaiser William II did which of the following? a) put more power in the hands of Bismarck b) reduced military spending
c) introduced democratic reforms d) launched a campaign to win an overseas empire

34. 2
Section 2 Assessment
Which groups did Bismarck view as a threat to the new German state?
a) peasants and merchants b) industrialists and Catholics
c) Catholics and socialists d) the army and nobles
Kaiser William II did which of the following? a) put more power in the hands of Bismarck b) reduced military spending
c) introduced democratic reforms d) launched a campaign to win an overseas empire

39. What were the key obstacles to Italian unity?3
Unifying Italy
What were the key obstacles to Italian unity?
What roles did Count Camillo Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi play in the struggle for Italy?
What challenges faced the new nation of Italy?

40. Word of the Day: Tuesday, November 29, 2005
Belittle
Some people belittle others in order to feel better about themselves.
To make someone seem less important.
Word of the Day: Wednesday, November 30, 2005
Tranquil
Quiet or calm
WOD: Thursday, December 1, 2005
Zealous
My class was very zealous about learning the history of Italy.
Enthusiastic, or excited

41. Venetia Sardinia Papal State Rome Naples Kingdom Of two Sicilies
Lombardy
Papal
State
Sardinia
Rome
Naples
Kingdom
Of two
Sicilies
1858: Sardinia
1860 added to Sardinia
1866: added to Italy
1870: added to Italy

42. Venetia Sardinia Nationalism and Liberalism
: Cavour gains Lombardy from Austria
Nationalism
and
Liberalism
3. Italians overthrow Austrian backed rulers in N. Italy
Venetia
Lombardy
: Italians conquer Rome and unify Italy
Papal
State
Sardinia
Rome
Naples
1.1849: Revolutionary republic is set up in Rome, but it was destroyed
Kingdom
Of two
Sicilies
1858: Sardinia
1860 added to Sardinia
4: 1860, Garibaldi invades Sicily and Naples
1866: added to Italy
1870: added to Italy

43. Unification Of
Germany
Unification Of
Italy
Mediterranean Sea

44. Unification of Italy Austria France Lombardy Kingdom Of Sardinia
Venetia
Papal
State
Tuscany
Corsica
(France)
Kingdom Of
Sardinia
Rome
Kingdom
of the two
Sicilies

46. France
Kingdom Of
Sardinia
Kingdom
Of two
Sicilies

47. Obstacles to Italian Unity3
1. What were the key obstacles to Italian unity?
Battleground for foreigners.
Italians were divided
The Congress of Vienna divided Italy up among
Austrian rulers
Hapsburg monarchs
French Bourbon king.

48. The Struggle for Italy 3
2. What roles did Cavour and Garibaldi play in the struggle for Italy?
CAVOUR
GARIBALDI
Prime minister
Wanted to end Austrian power in Italy and annex Lombardy and Venetia.
Nationalist leader from the South.
Captured the two Sicilies and turned them over to Victor Emmanuel II.

49. Cavour Garibaldi

50. 3. What Challenges Faced the New Nation of Italy?
No tradition of unity.
Enormous economic gap between the north, and the south.
Problems between Italy and the Roman Catholic Church.
Italy unified by 1870

51. 3
Unification of Italy, 1858–1870

52. 3
Section 3 Assessment
Unified Italy in 1870 included all of the following except a) Sardinia b) Tuscany c) Corsica d) Venetia.
Which of the following challenges did the new Italian nation face? a) a gap between the richer north and the poorer south b) inflation c) social problems caused by rapid industrialization d) a gap between the poorer north and the richer south

53. 3
Section 3 Assessment
Unified Italy in 1870 included all of the following except a) Sardinia b) Tuscany c) Corsica d) Venetia.
Which of the following challenges did the new Italian nation face? a) a gap between the richer north and the poorer south b) inflation c) social problems caused by rapid industrialization d) a gap between the poorer north and the richer south
Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.

54. Nationalism Threatens Old Empires4
Nationalism Threatens Old Empires
How did nationalism contribute to the decline of the Austrian empire?
What were the main characteristics of the Dual Monarchy?
How did the growth of nationalism affect the Balkans?

55. Decline of the Austrian Empire4
Austrian rulers upheld conservative goals against liberal forces. Austria, however, could not hold back the changes that were engulfing the rest of Europe.
The Hapsburgs presided over a multinational empire, yet continued to ignore the urgent demands of nationalists.
After Austria was defeated by France and Sardinia in 1859, Emperor Francis Joseph made some limited reforms. The reforms failed to satisfy the many nationalist groups that wanted self-government.

56. 4
Dual Monarchy
Austria’s defeat in the 1866 war with Prussia brought renewed pressure for change from Hungarians within the empire. This pressure led to the creation of a new political power known as the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
Under the Dual Monarchy:
Austria and Hungary were separate states.
Francis Joseph ruled both, as emperor of Austria and king of Hungary.
The two states shared ministries of finance, defense, and foreign affairs, but were independent of each other in all other areas.

57. 4
Balkan Nationalism
A complex web of competing interests contributed to a series of crises and wars in the Balkans.
Serbia and Greece had won independence in the early 1800s. However, there were still many Serbs and Greeks living in the Balkans under Ottoman rule.
The Ottoman empire was home to other national groups, such as Bulgarians and Romanians.
During the 1800s, various subject people staged revolts against the Ottomans, hoping to set up their own independent states.
European powers stepped in to divide up Ottoman lands, ignoring the nationalist goals of various Balkan peoples.

58. 4
The Balkans, 1878

59. Section 4 Assessment 4
The Dual Monarchy governed a) Bulgaria and Romania b) Austria and Prussia c) Prussia and Russia d) Austria and Hungary.
The people of the Balkans lived under the rule of a) the Hapsburg empire b) the Ottoman empire c) the Second Reich d) the Holy Roman Empire.

60. Section 4 Assessment 4
The Dual Monarchy governed a) Bulgaria and Romania b) Austria and Prussia c) Prussia and Russia d) Austria and Hungary.
The people of the Balkans lived under the rule of a) the Hapsburg empire b) the Ottoman empire c) the Second Reich d) the Holy Roman Empire.

61. Russia: Reform and Reaction The Empire of the Czars5
Russia: Reform and Reaction The Empire of the Czars
How did conditions in Russia affect progress?
Why did czars follow a cycle of absolutism, reform, and reaction?
How did the problems of industrialization contribute to the growing crisis and outbreak of revolution?

62. How Did Conditions in Russia Affect Progress?5
By the 1800s, czars saw the need to modernize but resisted reforms that would undermine their absolute rule. While czars tried to maintain control, Russia fell further behind Western Europe in economic and social developments.
The rigid social structure was an obstacle to progress:
Landowning nobles dominated society and rejected any change that would threaten their privileges.
The majority of Russians were serfs.
Alexander I was in control (defeated Napoleon) – still maintained autocracy
Serfdom was inefficient and caused Russia’s economy to remain backward.
Alexander II tried to make reforms & emancipated the serfs
This made the wealthy landowners angry and there were only a few reforms for the serfs.

63. Alexander III succeeded his father wanted to keep the old order
Introduced Russification
Also initiated pogroms
Persecution among the Jews and other minorities

64. Problems of Industrialization5
Problems of Industrialization
Toward the end of the nineteenth century, Russia finally entered the industrial age under Nicholas II
The drive to industrialization increased political and social problems. Nobles and peasants opposed economic growth, fearing the changes brought by the new ways.
Industrialization created social ills as peasants flocked to the cities to work in factories.
Radicals (Bolsheviks) preached revolutionary ideas among the new industrial workers. Lenin became their leader

65. Crisis and Revolution War broke out between Russia and Japan.5
War broke out between Russia and Japan.
The Russians suffered repeated military defeats.
News of the military disasters unleashed pent-up discontent created by years of oppression.
The czar’s troops fired on unarmed protesters at the Palace in St. Petersburg
Became known as “Bloody Sunday,” destroying the people’s trust and faith in the czar.
Discontent and revolution spread throughout Russia.
Czar Nicholas II was forced to announce sweeping reforms. In the October Manifesto, he agreed to summon a Duma, or elected national legislature.

66. Results of the Revolution5
The October Manifesto won over moderates, leaving socialists isolated.
By 1905, the first Soviets, or workers councils met to discuss reform
In 1906, the first Duma met, but the czar dissolved it when leaders criticized the government.
Czar Nicholas II appointed a conservative prime minister, Peter Stolypin, who instituted arrests, pogroms, and executions.
Stolypin later instituted limited reforms which did not meet the broad needs of most Russians. Nicholas II could not maintain reform.
By 1914, Russia was still an autocracy, simmering with unrest & ready for revolution.

67. Alexander II
Alexander III
Nicholas II

72. 5
Section 5 Assessment
Why did Russian czars resist reform? a) They thought that industrialization would hurt the peasants b) They didn’t want to undermine their absolute power c) They felt there were other ways to create a democratic society. d) They wanted to keep Russia economically backward.
What groups in Russia opposed economic growth? a) nobles and peasants b) socialists and radicals c) nobles and socialists d) peasants and businessmen

73. 5
Section 5 Assessment
Why did Russian czars resist reform? a) They thought that industrialization would hurt the peasants b) They didn’t want to undermine their absolute power c) They felt there were other ways to create a democratic society. d) They wanted to keep Russia economically backward.
What groups in Russia opposed economic growth? a) nobles and peasants b) socialists and radicals c) nobles and socialists d) peasants and businessmen

74. French Revolution Homework
what type of govt. did France have before the French Revolution?
Absolute Monarchy
Describe the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Estate?
Clergy, Nobles, Everyone
List at least three causes of the French Revolution
Economic Depression, National Debt, Enlightenment Ideas
Explain the events of the Tennis Court Oath
Wanted a fair vote. Met and promised to never separate and create a Constitution.
What happened to King Louis and Marie Antoinette?
Both were guillotined

75. Describe the major points in the Constitution of 1791 and 1795?
1791: limited the monarchy
1795: set up a republic
What was the Reign of Terror?
17000 people killed by guillotine because they were though to be enemies of the revolution
What was the Napoleonic Code of Law?
Gave equality to all citizens
Which 2 European countries was Napoleon unable to conquer?
Great Britain
Russia
Name the 2 island that Napoleon was exiled to?
Elba
St Helena