1. Ready to die for the goals Metaphor in Football – England vs. Germany
Forschungskolloquium Sprachwissenschaft
KU Eichstätt, 02. Juni 2010
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

2. A brief history of football English football terminology in German
Metaphor in Football
Outline
A brief history of football
English football terminology in German
Football and Linguistics
Metaphors we live by
Pilot study & research questions
Corpus design
Methodology
Preliminary results
Suggestions for further research
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

3. 1. A brief history of football
Postulated origins
Shrovetide football
Ashbourne, Derbyshire
Kirkwall, Orkney Islands
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

4. 1. A brief history of football
Roman Empire: Harpastum
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

5. 1. A brief history of Football
Italy: Calcio fiorentino
16th century
originally elite sport
played between
San Giovanni
Santa Maria Novella
Santo Spirito
Santa Croce
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

6. 1. A brief history of football
China: Tsu-Chu
3rd century BC
military training
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

7. 1. A brief history of football
Britain – the early years
12th - 19th century: increasing popularity and regulations
1846: first official rules (Rugby)
failed attempts to unify the rules
1863: foundation of the FA
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

8. 1. A brief history of football
Britain – spreading the game
1857: first club: Sheffield FC
1871: first tournament: FA Cup
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

9. 1. A brief history of football
Britain – spreading the game
football at schools
1906: Ministry of Education: football in the national curriculum
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

10. 1. A brief history of football
Germany: Fußball vs. Turnen
19th century: Turnvater Jahn
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

11. 1. A brief history of football
Semantic change: Englische Krankheit
Rickets
Football
Hooliganism
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

12. 1. A brief history of football
Germany: From elite sport to mass phenomenon
before WW I: pastime for the bourgeois
after WW I: popular with lower classes
before WWII: latent professionalism vs. “Jewish commercialism”
after WW II: limited professionalism
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

13. 2. German football terminology
Germany: Konrad Koch, “the father of football“
first German rules (1875)
German football terminology (1903)
Voßische Zeitung ( ): „Capitain […] Goal […] Goalkeeper […] Half Time […] Passing […] Kickin […].“
central role of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Sprachverein
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

14. 2. German football terminology
Koch‘s “successful” attempts
centre-forward = Mittelstürmer
kick-off = Anstoß
corner = Ecke
linesmen = Linienrichter
corner-kick = Eckball
off side = abseits
drawn = unentschieden
out! = aus
forwards = Stürmer
to pass = abgeben, zuspielen
free-kick = Freistoß
penalty-kick = Strafstoß
goal = Tor, (Mal)
referee = Schiedsrichter
goal-line = Mallinie (Torlinie)
shoot = Schuß (Stoß) aufs Tor
goal-post = Torpfosten, Malstange
to shoot = schießen
half time = Halbzeit
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

15. 2. German football terminology
Koch‘s “unsuccessful” attempts
backs = Hinterspieler
captain = Spielwart, Spielkaiser
dribble = treiben
drop-kick = Sprungstoß, Prellstoß
full-back = Schlussspieler
goal = (Tor,) Mal
half-back = Halbspieler, Markmann
to heel out = herausfersen
to score a goal = ein Tor gewinnen, zählen
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

16. 3. Football and Linguistics
The Literature: England vs. Germany
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

17. 3. Football and Linguistics
English Linguistics
very few publications
scattered across fields
Beard: textbook
Mackenzie: grammar
Kuiper: discursive organisation
Knobbe: text types / semantics
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

18. 3. Football and Linguistics
Beard (1998): The Language of Sport
textbook
general introduction
overview of the many possible applications
newspaper reports
commentary (radio/TV)
sports writing
focus on football
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

19. 3. Football and Linguistics
Beard (1998): The Language of Sport
“Sporting contest, tactics and skills are also described in metaphorical terms and one of the most obvious fields of reference for sporting metaphor is that of war. Some of these metaphors are so deeply embedded in the way that we describe sport, that we fail to notice them consciously as metaphors.”
(Beard 1998, 34)
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

20. 3. Football and Linguistics
Beard (1998): The Language of Sport
Metaphors
in almost every chapter
fails to grasp their all-pervasiveness
unclear terminology: domains, semantic fields, references
unclear view of metaphor:
cognitive (Lakoffian) vs. classical (Aristotelian)
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

21. 3. Football and Linguistics
Mackenzie (2005): Does time pressure have an influence on a commentator‘s linguistic output?
corpus: 30 minutes of highlights of a Premier League match
categorisation of syntactic complexity:
holophrasitc < phrasal < clausal < sentential
categorisation of time pressure:
attacks > midfield play > dead balls > summary
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

22. 3. Football and Linguistics
Mackenzie (2005): Does time pressure have an influence on a commentator‘s linguistic output?
Results:
more time pressure = more holophrastic structures
Problems:
choice of corpus
assumptions about categories
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

23. 3. Football and Linguistics
Kuiper (1996): Smooth talkers
sportscasters and auctioneers
requirements of sportscasters
fast sports slow sports
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

24. 3. Linguistics and Football
Kuiper (1996): Smooth talkers
fast sports
instantaneous linguistic realization of events
similar to simultaneous translating
danger of getting behind
accumulation of too much information to be relayed
slow sports
no danger of falling behind
challenge of filling in the gaps
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

25. 3. Linguistics and Football
Kuiper (1996): Smooth talkers
fast sports
play-by-play commentary
more linguistic formulae
slow sports
colour commentary
fewer linguistic formulae
influence of the medium in question (radio vs. TV)
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

26. 3. Football and Linguistics
Knobbe (1997): Linguistic aspects of sports reporting in English tabloid newspapers
corpus: 24 x The Sun, 8 x Daily Mail, 8 x Daily Mirror, 3 x Daily Express, 7 x Today (sports pages, 1995)
macro structure of sports pages (header, body, etc.)
frequent rhetoric devices (alliteration, inclusive we, etc.)
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

27. 3. Football and Linguistics
Knobbe (1997): Linguistic aspects of sports reporting in English tabloid newspapers
metaphors as a tool for identifying national tendencies
main functions of metaphor
illustration
dynamic effects
(conscious) focus on certain analogies
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

28. 3. Football and Linguistics
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

29. 3. Football and Linguistics
Knobbe (1997): Linguistic aspects of sports reporting in English tabloid newspapers
Results:
influence of many Lebensbereiche (similar to source domains)
English tabloids more prone to militaristic metaphors
Problems:
choice of corpus
view of metaphor
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

30. 3. Football and Linguistics
The Literature: England vs. Germany
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

31. 3. Football and Linguistics
German Linguistics
centres of interest
“Germanness” of football terminology
influence of football language on other domains
football as a source domain
style/syntax of football reporting
metaphors in football language
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

32. 3. Football and Linguistics
“Germanness” of football terminology
Koch (1903): getting rid of English terms
original English terms must be “germanised”
competition with Jahn’s Turnen
official promotion through the DFB
distribution of new terms on signs (Wappenhans 1905)
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

33. 3. Football and Linguistics
Football as a source domain
Settekorn (2001), Haubrich (1965), Bues (1939)
football and/or sports as a source domain for:
economics
politics
etc.
sporting universals
racing: start, finish, lap
ball sports: goal, shoot
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

34. 3. Football and Linguistics
Football as a source domain
Settekorn (2001), Haubrich (1965), Bues (1939)
“football language” = Sondersprache (terminology + jargon)
corpora: newspapers
high frequency reflects its importance in society
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

35. 3. Football and Linguistics
Style of football reporting
Dankert (1969), Feige (1963), Thormann (1982), Laven (1956)
uniform, static vocabulary (and metaphors)
criticism of creative word-formation
impoverished, (syntactically) reduced form of language
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

36. 3. Football and Linguistics
Style of football reporting
Dankert (1969), Feige (1963), Thormann (1982), Laven (1956)
dramatisation of banalities
mixed metaphors
(implicit) criticism of professionalism
global criticism of style
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

37. 3. Football and Linguistics
Metaphor and Football
Rosenbaum (1969), Siefert (2002)
rhetoric vs. cognitive view of metaphor
war as the most (if not only) significant source domain
particular importance between England and Germany
often focus on tabloids
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

38. 3. Football and Linguistics
Metaphor and Football
Vierkant (2008)
corpus: radio commentaries (2006 World Cup: GER-CRC, GER-SWE, GER-ITA)
analytical tool: MIP (Pragglejaz 2007)
restriction to nouns and verbs
unclear assignment of source domains
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

39. + = Achilles was a lion in battle. 4. Metaphors we live by
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

40. Is Achilles really a lion?
4. Metaphors we live by
Is Achilles really a lion?
Oxford Advanced Learner‘s Dictionary
“a large powerful animal of the cat family that eats meat and is found in parts of Africa and southern Asia“
“(dated) a brave or famous person“
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

41. Mapping of qualities brave strong courageous Achilles Lion
4. Metaphors we live by
Mapping of qualities
brave
strong
courageous
Achilles
Lion
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

42. George Lakoff & Mark Johnson (1980): Metaphors we live by…
Your claims are indefensible.
He attacked every weak point in my argument.
His criticisms were right on target.
I demolished his argument.
I‘ve never won an argument with him.
You disagree? Okay, shoot!
If you use that strategy, he‘ll wipe you out.
He shot down all of my arguments.
argument is war
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

43. Metaphors we live by: Mappings
argument war
opinion fortress
winning an argument victory in battle
losing an argument defeat in battle
? attacking/defending
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

44. Metaphors – “just” language?
4. Metaphors we live by
Metaphors – “just” language?
You‘re wasting my time.
This gadget will save you hours.
I don‘t have the time to give you.
How do you spend your time these days?
That flat tire cost me an hour.
I‘ve invested a lot of time in this.
I don‘t have enough time to spare for that.
You need to budget your time.
waste
save
have, give
spend
cost
invest
have, spare
budget
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

45. waste save have, give spend cost invest have, spare budget
4. Metaphors we live by
waste
save
have, give
spend
cost
invest
have, spare
budget
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

46. time is money waste save have, give precious spend cost invest limited
4. Metaphors we live by
time is money
waste
save
have, give
spend
cost
invest
have, spare
budget
precious
limited
quantifiable
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

47. Metaphor in football: to shoot
4. Metaphors we live by
Metaphor in football: to shoot
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

48. Klaedkte, Egon C. (1987): Fußball ist schön
4. Metaphors we live by
Klaedkte, Egon C. (1987): Fußball ist schön
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

49. Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

50. 5. Pilot study & research questions
MA thesis, handed in October 2007
qualitative, corpus-based approach
164 metaphors and metonymies
corpus: commentaries on 4 matches in both English and German
selective: no transcription of the entire commentary
source domains: war, death, organisation, space, tools, nation
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

51. 5. Pilot study & research questions
What is the central (and peripheral) vocabulary of English and German football language?
Which conceptual metaphors are the most prominent and developed ones?
Which source domains are the most productive ones in terms of metaphorical expressions?
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

52. 5. Pilot study & research questions
Methodological prerequisites
extensive corpus
tool for detecting symptomatic vocabulary
procedure for identifying metaphors and source domains
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

53. Munich Corpus of Football Commentaries (MCFC)
6. Corpus design
Munich Corpus of Football Commentaries (MCFC)
English and German (MCFC-E, MCFC-G)
transliterated radio commentaries
no prosodic information
no POS tagging
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

54. Why radio commentaries?
6. Corpus design
Why radio commentaries?
large text output and word/minute ratio
immediacy
spontaneity
“blind listener”
assumption of a symptomatic, yet not too specific choice of words
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

55. An example (34 seconds/113 words)
6. Corpus design
An example (34 seconds/113 words)
[...] Roma have the ball down the right side and they’re gonna win a corner. That’s very clever play by Mancini, who’s switched flanks. And the corner taken quickly, United are sleeping, Mancini inside the penalty area, shoots, hits a defender and that fell very kindly for United. They almost counter-attack there. A terrific header forward by Chivu, Ronaldo was in a great position, van der Saar spots him, but doesn’t get the delivery right, hits it straight through the middle between Solskjaer and Ronaldo straight through to Doni. Yeah, a couple of opportunities for Manchester there to attack and counter-attack very quickly, weren’t able to do so, misplaced kick by van der Saar.
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

56. Munich Corpus of Football Commentaries (English) MCFC-E
6. Corpus Design
Munich Corpus of Football Commentaries (English) MCFC-E
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

57. 6. Corpus design Match Day Station Commentators Everton – Liverpool
04/02/2009
BBC 5 Live
John Murray, Pat Nevin
Portsmouth – Liverpool
07/02/2009
David Oates, Nigel Adderley, Kit Symonds
Roma – Arsenal London
11/03/2009
Alistair Bruce Ball, Mark Bright
Aston Villa – Tottenham
15/03/2009
Darren Fletcher, Robbie Savage
Chelsea – Manchester City
Ian Brown, Ian Dennis, Alan Pardew
Wolverhampton – Derby County
09/12/2008
Dave Woods, Darrius Vassell
Tranmere – Huddersfield
14/03/2009
BBC Leeds
Paul Ogden, Kieran Oriegan
Hull City - Newcastle
John Murray, Danny Mills
Barnsley – Birmingham
09/04/2007
BBC Sheffield
Paul Walker, Derek Parker
Roma – Manchester Utd.
04/04/2007
Graham Taylor, Simon Brotherton, Alan Green
PSV Eindhoven - Liverpool
03/04/2007
Mike Ingham, Jan Molby, Alan Green
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

58. Munich Corpus of Football Commentaries (German) MCFC-G
6. Corpus Design
Munich Corpus of Football Commentaries (German) MCFC-G
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

59. 6. Corpus design Match Day Station Commentators Wehen – Mainz
16/03/2009
90elf.de
Fabian von Wachsmann
Germany – England
19/11/2008
WDR 2
Jens-Jörg Rieck, Alexander Bleick
Mönchengladbach – Hamburg
07/03/2009
Marko Röhling
Hoffenheim – Wolfsburg
15/11/2008
Mario Bast
Leverkusen - Hoffenheim
30/08/2008
Jochen Stutzky
Olympiakos – Hertha BSC
18/12/2008
rbb
Nikolaus Hillmann, Guido Ringel
Real Madrid – Bayern München
29/02/2000
B5 aktuell
Günter Koch, Hans-Peter Pull
Schalke – Bayern München
09/11/2008
Tom Hilgers
Schalke – Köln
06/03/2009
Rolf Lange
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

60. 6. Corpus design Match Date Station Commentators
Sporting Lissabon – B. München
25/02/2009
B5 aktuell
Hans-Peter Pull, André Siems
Stuttgart – Bielefeld
15/11/2008
90elf.de
Ralf Bosse
Bremen – Stuttgart
15/03/2009
Thomas Reckermann
Bremen – Panathinaikos
04/11/2008
Radio Bremen
Henry Vogt, Heiko Neugebauer
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

61. Differences in commentator set-up
6. Corpus design
Differences in commentator set-up
England:
one commentator with an expert summariser (usually an ex-footballer)
two main commentators with an expert summariser; the main commentators switch once during each half of the game
in-between updates from other matches
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

62. Differences in commentator set-up
6. Corpus design
Differences in commentator set-up
Germany
no expert summarisers
one commentator (90elf.de)
two commentators alternating every couple of minutes
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

63. 6. Corpus design
Testing uniformity
division into subcorpora = each speaker‘s linguistic output
concordance tool AntConc
keyword analysis: subcorpora against MCFC
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

64. Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

65. 6. Corpus design
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

66. What does AntConc do and what do the numbers mean?
6. Corpus design
What does AntConc do and what do the numbers mean?
statistical comparison of texts
basis: reference corpus
calculation of loglikelihood values
p < 0,01 LL > 6,64
p < 0,001 LL > 10,83
“The higher the LL-value, the more symptomatic a word.”
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

67. How idiosyncratic is Ralf Bosse‘s vocabulary?
6. Corpus design
How idiosyncratic is Ralf Bosse‘s vocabulary?
44.800
innen
24.270
rausgeköpft
16.092
Ecke
10.926
rechts
10.787
Abwurf
rausgeschlagen
9.728
Strafraum
9.659
abgeblockt
9.657
Spielunterbrechung
9.282
vorne
8.991
alleine
8.706
endgültig
8.090
gegenseitig
7.824
passiert
7.640
Flanke
6.992
erleben
Gefühl
Klassenerhalt
6.899
bekommen
6.777
spielen
p < 0,01
44.800
innen
24.270
rausgeköpft
16.092
Ecke
10.926
rechts
p < 0,001
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

68. Representativeness & caveats
6. Corpus design
Representativeness & caveats
results indicate a fairly uniform vocabulary
corpora are symptomatic for football language
“uncontrollable” factors:
result of a match
course or development of a match
intensity of the game
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

69. Corpus analysis keyword analysis MCFC-E, MCFC-G reference corpora:
7. Methodology
Corpus analysis
keyword analysis
MCFC-E, MCFC-G
reference corpora:
BNC (spoken part)
Datenbank Gesprochenes Deutsch
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

70. Metaphor identification
7. Methodology
Metaphor identification
Pragglejaz Group (2007)
establishing a simple analytical tool
reliable across analysts
Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP)
Peter Crisp
Raymond Gibbs
Alice Deignan
Graham Low
Gerard Steen
Lynne Cameron
Elena Semino
Joe Grady
Alan Cienki
Zoltan Kövecses
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

71. Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejaz 2007, 3)
7. Methodology
Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejaz 2007, 3)
1. Read the entire text–discourse to establish a general understanding of the meaning.
2. Determine the lexical units in the text–discourse
3. (a) For each lexical unit in the text, establish its meaning in context. Take into account what comes before and after the lexical unit.
(b) For each lexical unit, determine if it has a more basic contemporary meaning in other contexts than the one in the given context. For our purposes, basic meanings tend to be
more concrete [what they evoke is easier to imagine, see, hear, feel, smell, and taste];
related to bodily action;
more precise (as opposed to vague);
historically older;
(c) decide whether the contextual meaning contrasts with the basic meaning but can be understood in comparison with it.
4. If yes, mark the lexical unit as metaphorical.
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

72. 7. Methodology
Basic meanings
more concrete [what they evoke is easier to imagine, see, hear, feel, smell, and taste];
related to bodily action;
more precise (as opposed to vague);
historically older;
Where do we find these?
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

73. Problematic issues with MIP
7. Methodology
Problematic issues with MIP
Read the entire text?
Historically older meanings?
What about Mannschaft?
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

74. MIPVU – a development of MIP (Steen et al. 2010)
7. Methodology
MIPVU – a development of MIP (Steen et al. 2010)
reports practical experiences with MIP
extends the analysis to different discourse domains
more explicit guidelines
lexical units
basic meanings
metaphor flags
positive reliability tests
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

75. MIPLMU ? Methodological considerations
7. Methodology
MIPLMU ? Methodological considerations
Which dictionary?
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

76. MIPLMU ? Methodological considerations
7. Methodology
MIPLMU ? Methodological considerations
stronger inflectional morphology
more word forms
particle verbs
AntConc operates on a word-by-word basis
adjusting statistics
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

77. MIPLMU ? Methodological considerations
7. Methodology
MIPLMU ? Methodological considerations
analysis of compounds
Nationalmannschaft vs. Fußballgott
in the dictionary
‚Mannschaft, die sich aus den besten Spielern eines Landes zusammensetzt
not in the dictionary
no contrast: not metaphorical
two lexical units: Fußball + Gott
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

78. MIPLMU ? Methodological considerations
7. Methodology
MIPLMU ? Methodological considerations
Fußball: ‚Kampfspiel zw. zwei Mannschaften zu je 11 Spielern […]‘
Gott: ‚übermenschl., meist unsterbliches, mit Willen u. Macht ausgestattetes, kult. verehrtes Wesen, Gegenstand des relig. Glaubens‘
no contrast between contextual and basic meaning
contrast between contextual and basic meaning
Fußballgott is metaphorical
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

79. Combining AntConc & MIP(VU)
7. Methodology
Combining AntConc & MIP(VU)
AntConc: keyword analysis
corpus-based, football vocabulary for E & G
central vs. peripheral
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

80. Combining AntConc & MIP(VU)
7. Methodology
Combining AntConc & MIP(VU)
ORGANISATION
MIP(VU)
WAR
TOOLS
THEATRE
ANIMALS
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

81. Combining AntConc & MIP(VU)
7. Methodology
Combining AntConc & MIP(VU)
How do English and German conceptualise football?
DEATH
NATION
RELIGION
ORGANISATION
ORGANISATION
WORK
RELIGION
WAR
WAR
TOOLS
TOOLS
THEATRE
THEATRE
ANIMALS
ANIMALS
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

82. Assigning source domains
7. Methodology
Assigning source domains
notorious problem in metaphor research
much individual variation
broad vs. narrow categories
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

83. Assigning source domains
7. Methodology
Assigning source domains
Possible solutions:
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

84. Assigning source domains
7. Methodology
Assigning source domains
threefold classification:
Class: abstract relations, intellect
Division: formation of ideas, individual
volition
Head: attack
to attack, assault, to besiege
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

85. Assigning source domains
7. Methodology
Assigning source domains
twofold classification:
broad: time, society, culture
narrow: attack
angreifen, belagern, entern
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

86. Keyword analysis: German
8. Preliminary results
Keyword analysis: German
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

87. Keyword analysis: German
8. Preliminary results
Keyword analysis: German
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

88. Metaphor identification: Seite
8. Preliminary results
Metaphor identification: Seite
DUDEN:
‚eine von mehreren ebenen Flächen, die einen Körper, Gegenstand begrenzen‘
‚Fläche eines Raumes, Gegenstandes, Körpers‘
‚rechter oder linker flächiger Teil eines Gegenstandes, Körpers‘
WAHRIG:
‚Grenzfläche eines Körpers‘
‚Grenzlinie eines Körpers‘
‚rechte oder linke […] Fläche‘
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

89. Metaphor identification: Seite
8. Preliminary results
Metaphor identification: Seite
Contextual meaning:
no significant difference between literal/basic and contextual meaning
no metaphor
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

90. Metaphor identification: Tor
8. Preliminary results
Metaphor identification: Tor
DUDEN:
‚Öffnung in einer Mauer, Zaun, o.Ä., die durch ein Tor verschlossen wird, breiter Eingang, breite Einfahrt‘
‚Vorrichtung aus Holz, Metall, o.Ä., die ein Tor verschließt‘
WAHRIG:
‚große Öffnung in einer Mauer, Begrenzung, die mit einer großen Tür verschlossen werden kann, Einfahrt, breiter Eingang‘
‚große Tür, mit der eine Öffnung in einer Begrenzung, Mauer verschlossen werden kann‘
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

91. Metaphor identification: Tor
8. Preliminary results
Metaphor identification: Tor
Contextual meaning:
difference between literal/basic and contextual meaning
metaphor
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

92. Keyword analysis: English
8. Preliminary results
Keyword analysis: English
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

93. Keyword analysis: English
8. Preliminary results
Keyword analysis: English
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

94. Metaphor identification: side
8. Preliminary results
Metaphor identification: side
Macmillan:
‘a particular area of something such as a building, street, or town’
‘an outside surface of an object or shape that is not its front, back, bottom, or top’
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

95. Metaphor identification: side
8. Preliminary results
Metaphor identification: side
Meaning in context
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

96. Metaphor identification: side
8. Preliminary results
Metaphor identification: side
metonymy
Barnsley side: indicating possession
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

97. Metaphor identification: territory
8. Preliminary results
Metaphor identification: territory
Macmillan:
‘an area of land controlled by a particular country, leader, or army’
‘an area of land that is officially part of a country but does not have the status of a state or a province’
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

98. Metaphor identification: territory
8. Preliminary results
Metaphor identification: territory
metaphor
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

99. Summing up conceptual metaphor corpus: radio commentaries
distillation of essential English and German football vocabulary
applying MIP to German
charting the conceptual landscape of English and German football language
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

100. 9. Suggestions for further research
Approaches worth looking at…
diachronic
constructions/collostructions
football and gender
“non-footballing” cultures
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.

101. Thank you for your attention.
The Final Whistle
Thank you for your attention.
Presentation and bibliography under:
Elmar Thalhammer, M.A.