1. Science – 8W
Welcome

2. What is science?
science is an organized study of the world around us

3. What is science? Science can be divided into three parts Life Science
Earth Science
Physical Science

4. What is science? Life Science – the study of living things Includes:
Biology – the study of living things
Zoology – the study of animals
Botany – the study of plants

5. What is science?
Earth Science – the study of the earth and its history
Includes:
Geology – the study of the earth’s structure, formation, and change
Oceanography – study of oceans and their contents
Meteorology – study of the air, weather, and climate
Space Science – study of outer space and the things in it

6. What is science? Physical Science – the study of matter and energy
Includes:
Physics – study of energy and changes among forms of energy
Chemistry – study of all forms of matter and changes in matter

7. The Importance of Earth Science
Earth science is a part of everyday life
weather
fuel
pollution
cell phones

8. The Importance of Physical Science
Physical Science is also a part of daily life
seat belts
nuclear energy

9. What is science?
specialization – studying or working in one part of a subject

10. Science Skills scientists use certain skills to solve problems
most of these skills involve the use of the five senses
seeing
hearing
touching
smelling
tasting

11. Science Skills there are nine main science skills Observing Measuring
Inferring
Classifying
Organizing
Predicting
Hypothesizing
Modeling
Analyzing

12. Science Skills Observing
When you observe, you use your senses. You must pat close attention to everything that happens.

13. Science Skills Measuring
When you measure, you compare an unknown value with a known value. Measuring makes observations more exact.

14. Science Skills Inferring
When you infer, you form a conclusion based upon facts without making observations.

15. Science Skills Classifying
When you classify, you group things based on how they are alike.

16. Science Skills Organizing
When you organize, you work in an orderly way. You put your information in order.

17. Science Skills Predicting
When you predict, you state ahead of time what you think will happen based upon what you already know.

18. Science Skills Hypothesizing
When you hypothesize, you state or suggest a solution to a problem. A hypothesis is a suggested solution to a problem based upon what is already known about the problem.

19. Science Skills Modeling
When you model, you use a copy of what you are studying to help explain it. A model can be a three-dimensional copy, a drawing, or a diagram. The model can be larger or smaller than the original.

20. Science Skills Analyzing
When you analyze, you study information carefully.

21. Science Skills
researching means to look for or to find out something again
researching includes:
reading books, magazines, newspapers, reports, etc.
doing experiments

22. Science Skills communicating is sharing information
scientists communicate by teaching, talking, and writing about their work
communication is very important to the progress of science

23. Scientific Method
scientific method – model or guide used to gather information and solve problems

24. Scientific Method the scientific method includes:
Identify and State the Problem
Gather Information
State a Hypothesis
Design an Experiment
Make Observations and Record Data
Organize and Analyze Data
State a Conclusion

25. Scientific Method Identify and State the Problem
scientists often state the problem as a question

26. Scientific Method Gather Information
scientists read and communicate with one another
they learn about work that has already been done
a student may do library research to find out more about a problem

27. Scientific Method State a Hypothesis
scientists state clearly a hypothesis, which is a suggested solution to a problem

28. Scientific Method Design an Experiment
scientists design an experiment to test a hypothesis

29. Scientific Method Make Observations and Record Data
scientists make careful observations during an experiment
data is the information that they get
scientists keep careful records of data

30. Scientific Method Organize and Analyze Data
scientists organize their data
scientists often use graphs, charts, tables, and diagrams to organize data
data can then be analyzed, or studied

31. Scientific Method State a Conclusion
a conclusion is a summary that explains the data
it states whether or not the data support the hypothesis
it answers the question stated in the problem

32. SI and the Metric System
the metric system is an international system of measurement
the metric system and SI (International System) are based on units of 10
scientists use SI

33. SI and the Metric System
Prefixes and Their Meanings
kilo- one thousand (1000)
hecto- one hundred (100)
deca- ten (10)
deci- one tenth (1/10 or 0.1)
centi- one hundredth (1/100 or 0.01)
milli- one thousandth (1/1000 or 0.001)

34. Length
the meter is the basic unit of length in the metric system and SI
a meter stick is used to measure length

35. Area
the area of a rectangle is found by multiplying its length times its width
area = length X width
a = l X w

36. Mass and Weight mass is the amount of matter in an object
the kilogram is the basic unit of mass in the metric system
the gram is too small of a unit

37. Mass and Weight
weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object
the weight of an object can change, but its mass remains the same

38. Mass and Weight
a balance is used to measure mass

39. Volume
volume is the amount of space an object takes up

40. Volume a graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of a liquid
a meniscus is the name of the curved surface of a liquid

41. Volume the liter is the basic metric unit of volume
volume can also be measured in cubic centimeters

42. Temperature temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is
temperature is measured with a thermometer

43. Temperature
temperatures usually are measured on the Fahrenheit scale or the Celsius scale
scientists working with very low temperatures us the Kelvin scale
absolute zero (the lowest possible temperature) is equal to 0 K (zero Kelvin)

44. Temperature degree Celsius is the metric unit of temperature
water freezes at 0oC (zero degrees Celsius)
water boils at 100oC (one hundred degrees Celsius)