1. Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement
Section 1
The Roots of Progressivism

2. Ideas on how to fix problems in American Society
Progressivism
Ideas on how to fix problems in American Society

3. Most believed that the government should be more involved
Belonged to both political parties
Educated Middle Class
Reaction against Laissez-Faire economics

4. Groups/Movements for Progressivism

5. 1. Muckrakers
Journalist who investigated social conditions and political corruption
Got the name from TR
Became a competition to see who could expose the most corruption

7. Democracy and Progressivism
MORE POWER TO VOTERS!!!!
Help end corruption in gov’t
The only way to make change is through the Vote!

8. More Voting Rights!!! Direct Primaries 17th Amendment Initiative
Election to narrow choices
17th Amendment
Voters choose Senators
Initiative
Citizens propose laws
Referendum
Voters have final say in laws
Recall
Removing officials from office

9. 3. Suffrage Movement Campaign for women to get the right to vote
Suffrage: Right to vote

10. Suffragists strategies (How to get the vote)
Constitutional Amendment
Individual States granting the right to vote

11. The Beginning of Women’s Suffrage Seneca Falls Convention 1848
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
Worked to end slavey and gain suffrage
Were labeled as unfeminine and immoral
Felt left out when the 15th Amendment was passed

12. NAWSA (1880) National American Woman Suffrage Association
Worked to promote social reforms
Pass protective labor laws
THE VOTE!!!!

13. Leaders of the Suffragist Movement

14. Susan B. Anthony
Worked with temperance movement and to abolish slavery
1872-Anthony and 12 other women cast illegal votes in the presidential election

15. Alice Paul Radical leader: too militant for NAWSA
Used aggressive tactics to get the vote
Formed National Woman’s Party

16. National Women’s Party

17. Carrie Chapman Catt 1915: Became NAWSA’s leader
Worked with Wilson to get the vote

18. Those who opposed the vote said:
Women had enough power without the vote
Would make them too masculine

19. Early 19th Century Women Unable to vote. Legal status of a minor.
Single  could own her own property; male relatives had final say
Married  no control over her property or her children.
Could not initiate divorce.
Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission
7. Marriage to a non citizen=loss of citizenship

20. June 1919: Senate finally passed 19th Amendment
August 26, 1920: ¾ states needed ratified the amendment
Went into effect as the 19th Amendment

21. Bellringer #8 8/30/10
Who was Alice Paul? What tactics did the NWP use to bring sympathy to the suffrage cause? Describe. What amendment was passed that gave women the right to vote?

22. 4. Social Welfare Progressivism
Focus on social problems, crime, illiteracy, alcohol abuse, child labor and health and safety of Americans

23. Campaign against Child Labor
In 1900, 1.7 million children under the age of 16 worked outside the home
The Bitter Cry of the Children-1906 book, John Spargo, discussed coal mines

24. Progressives worked to set:
Minimum age for employment and maximum hours a child could work
Education laws-requiring children to be in school

25. 5. Health and Safety Codes
Factories, coal mines, and railroads very dangerous

26. 1911: Triangle Shirtwaist Company-NYC, 150 women workers died in a fire b/c only one open exit-other doors locked from the outside

27. RESULTS: building codes dealing with fire hazards, unsafe machinery, and working conditions

28. 6. Prohibition Movement
Many progressives believed alcohol was the cause of most of America’s problems
WCTU
Anti-Saloon League

29. 7. Progressives vs. Big Business
Too much wealth in the hands of too few
Wanted to break up trusts and monopolies
Socialism: redistribute the wealth

31. Chapter 18
Section 2, 3, and 4

32. Progressive Presidents

33. Roosevelt Foreign Affairs: Social Darwinist
Domestic Affairs: Progressive

34. Square Deal
TR’s promise of fair and equal treatment for all.

35. 1902 Coal Strike 150,000 workers TR steps in
Owners agree to arbitration
SIGNIFICANCE
1st step in gov’t acting as 3rd party arbiter
Role of Gov’t in Business Grows

36. Role of Gov’t in Business continues to grow
Bureau of Corporations
Established in1903
to investigate corporations and issue reports on their activities
US Steel investigated in1904
“gentleman’s agreement”
Open books to gov’t, agree to fix problems before court actions.
Allowed gov’t to regulate big business w/o having to sacrifice economic efficiency

37. Social Reforms: The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

38. Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906
Prohibited the manufacture, sale or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs

39. Meat Inspection Act: 1906
Required federal inspection of meat, and Agricultural Dept to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants

40. Conservation in America:

41. Newlands Reclamation Act: 1902
Paid for irrigation and land development projects to increase Western States Development

42. Gifford Pinchot and US Forrest Service
Nature Must be preserved
Added over 100 million acres to the protected national forests, established 5 new national parks and 51 federal wildlife preserves

43. Bellringer # 9 8/31/10
What was The Jungle? Who wrote it? What was the significance? List and describe the two acts that it led to.

44. Taft: Elected in 1908 TR wanted him to continue progressive programs
Taft did not like confrontation
Back to more Laissez Faire Style Govt
More traditional Republican

45. Tariff Issues: Wanted to lower tariffs
Compromised with Traditional Republicans and backed off on Progressive reforms
Result: Payne-Aldrich Tariff- barely cut tariffs and actually raised them on some goods
Progressives felt betrayed

46. Ballinger-Pinchot Affair: Corruption and Anti-Progressive??
Richard Ballinger: Secretary of the Interior-
Accused of giving public land to private companies
Bribes?
Taft felt the charges were groundless, did nothing.
Most Progressives felt Taft had lost TR’s vision

47. Taft’s Successes:
Children’s Bureau: investigated and publicized problems in child labor
Bureau of Mines: monitor activities of mining companies and expanded national forests

48. Taft: A failure as a Progressive?
TR thought so
Returns from Africa
Announces he will run for president in 1912
3 term President?????
Taft is Republican
TR is Republican
How can they both run???

50. Election of 1912: Republican Party Splits:
Conservatives supported Taft
Progressives supported Roosevelt (not enough Republican support, so TR left the Party and joined the new Progressive Party)
Wilson: Democratic nominee
Taft: Republican nominee
Roosevelt: Progressive nominee (Bull Moose Party)

52. New Nationalism vs New Freedom

53. Roosevelt’s New Nationalism:
Strong federal gov’t to monitor big business
Legislation to protect women and children in the workplace
Workers compensation

54. Wilson’s New Freedom: Break up monopolies and trusts
Regulate banking system
Lower tariffs

55. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win the Presidency. 1st democrat elected since 1892

56. Woodrow Wilson

57. Tariffs:
Personally appeared before Congress to present his ideas. Wanted lower tariffs to force American businesses to be under the “constant necessity to be efficient, economical, and enterprising”
1913: Underwood Tariff- reduced tariffs

58. Federal Reserve System:
Banks would keep a portion of deposits in regional reserve banks (12)- for emergencies
Board of Governors: appointed by pres to control interest rates reserve banks charged other banks
Indirectly controlled rates across nation
Indirectly controlled money supply

59. Federal Trade Commission:
set up to investigate and monitor American business
could enforce anti-trust laws (not to break up big business, but work with them to limit unfair limits on competition)

60. Clayton Antitrust Act-
Prevented price discrimination
Businesses could not charge diff prices to diff customers
Gave unions more power
Were not unlawful, did not restrain trade
Gave unions the right to exist

61. Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
Prohibited children under 14 from working in factories producing goods for interstate commerce(was shot down by supreme court)

62. Adamson Act
Established 8 hour workday for rail workers

63. Federal Farm Loan Board
Provided farmers with long-term loans at low interest rates

64. Failures of Progressivism:
Did nothing to help African Americans

65. Many African Americans took the Progressive spirit and worked for their own advancement:
Niagara Movement- 1905, WEB and 28 other leaders met (on Canadian side- no US hotel would host them)
NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People-1909
Both groups believed the vote was essential for change
“ The power of the ballot we need in sheer self-defense, else what shall save us from a second slavery” WEB
Work through the courts to make changes

66. Legacy of Progressivism:
Americans began to expect more from their government.
Regulate economy and solve social problems
Progressives expanded democracy, and improved the lives of men, women and children.
Progressivism “ended” b/c of the concerns of WWI